Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, Porto 4249-004, Portugal.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, Porto 4249-004, Portugal.
Arch Pediatr. 2022 Aug;29(6):467-474. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.05.009. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
Halitosis has become a major concern, as it is the third most common reason for dental visits and affects individuals across all ages, genders, and ethnicities. Only a few limited studies have explored the prevalence and etiology of halitosis in the pediatric population. Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify the etiological factors influencing the widespread occurrence of halitosis in pediatric dentistry in order to guide therapy based on the identified causes, thereby improving children's quality of life. The etiology of halitosis is multifactorial; however, in most cases, halitosis is associated with the oral cavity. It can also be related to otorhinolaryngological and respiratory or even gastric diseases. Although halitosis in children is widely associated with poor oral hygiene, we cannot rule out other possible causes, such as otorhinolaryngological and respiratory causes.
口臭已成为一个主要关注点，因为它是导致人们看牙医的第三大常见原因，且影响所有年龄段、性别和种族的人群。仅有少数有限的研究探索了口臭在儿科人群中的流行率和病因。因此，本综述的目的是确定影响儿科牙科中口臭广泛发生的病因因素，以便根据已确定的原因进行治疗，从而提高儿童的生活质量。口臭的病因是多因素的；然而，在大多数情况下，口臭与口腔有关。它也可能与耳鼻喉和呼吸甚至胃部疾病有关。虽然儿童口臭广泛与口腔卫生不良有关，但我们不能排除其他可能的原因，如耳鼻喉和呼吸原因。
