Kerem Alper
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, 46100 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
Microsyst Technol. 2022;28(12):2623-2640. doi: 10.1007/s00542-022-05268-x. Epub 2022 Jun 2.
This paper presents efficiencies research and energy-saving strategies for carbon emission reduction of the exterior lighting system of Avşar Campus of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Turkey. Once the campus's average energy consumption for the previous five years was calculated, it was found to be 18,802 Megawatt hour/year (MWh/year), with 6,203 carbon dioxide (CO) tons/year emissions. Also, the annual electrical energy consumption for exterior lighting was calculated as 670,395 MWh/year, with annual emissions of 221,170 CO tons/year. Inefficient lamp choices in exterior lighting systems and longer than necessary operating times have been identified as the causes of these high values. That's because High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps with an installed power of 109,050 Kilowatt (kW), which have a low efficiency but a high energy consumption, provide for 70% of exterior lighting. Thus, seven unique energy-saving strategies have been designed with the aim of decreasing total energy consumption and achieving more cost savings as well as less harmful emissions released into the atmosphere. All of the strategies were designed under the following three headings: dimming method, optimization of lamps' operation times, and retrofitting lamps with new and technological ones. The study's novelty lies in the creation of seven unique energy-saving strategies for the first time in light of the three headings highlighted, as well as their adjustment to a sophisticated campus with such high energy consumption. Once all of the proposed strategies are compared to the current system, it has been discovered that strategy-7 saves 81.656% energy consumption (547,418 MWh/year), 180,599 CO tons/year saving, and € 49,268 (€/year) cost-saving. Such a low energy consumption is vital for a rapidly growing and expanding campus in terms of carbon emissions, cost savings, and environmental quality.
本文介绍了土耳其加济安泰普苏特西伊玛目大学阿夫萨尔校区外部照明系统的能效研究和节能减排策略。计算出该校区过去五年的平均能源消耗为每年18,802兆瓦时（MWh/年），每年排放二氧化碳（CO）6,203吨。此外，外部照明的年电能消耗计算为每年670,395兆瓦时，每年排放221,170吨CO。外部照明系统中灯具选择不当以及运行时间过长被认为是这些高数值的原因。这是因为安装功率为109,050千瓦（kW）的高压钠（HPS）灯效率低但能耗高，提供了70%的外部照明。因此，设计了七种独特的节能策略，旨在降低总能耗，实现更多成本节约，并减少向大气中排放的有害气体。所有策略都按照以下三个标题进行设计：调光方法、优化灯具运行时间以及用新技术灯具进行改造。该研究的新颖之处在于，首次根据突出的三个标题创建了七种独特的节能策略，并将其应用于能耗如此之高的复杂校园。将所有提议的策略与当前系统进行比较后发现，策略7可节省81.656%的能耗（每年547,418兆瓦时），每年节省180,599吨CO，以及节省49,268欧元（€/年）的成本。如此低的能耗对于一个快速发展和扩张的校园在碳排放、成本节约和环境质量方面至关重要。
