Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Front Immunol. 2022 May 20;13:884879. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884879. eCollection 2022.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits variable immunity responses among hosts based on symptom severity. Whether immunity in recovered individuals is effective for avoiding reinfection is poorly understood. Determination of immune memory status against SARS-CoV-2 helps identify reinfection risk and vaccine efficacy. Hence, after recovery from COVID-19, evaluation of protective effectiveness and durable immunity of prior disease could be significant. Recent reports described the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 -specific humoral and cellular responses for more than six months in convalescent SARS-CoV-2 individuals. Given the current evidence, NK cell subpopulations, especially the memory-like NK cell subset, indicate a significant role in determining COVID-19 severity. Still, the information on the long-term NK cell immunity conferred by SARS-CoV-2 infection is scant. The evidence from vaccine clinical trials and observational studies indicates that hybrid natural/vaccine immunity to SARS-CoV-2 seems to be notably potent protection. We suggested the combination of plasma therapy from recovered donors and vaccination could be effective. This focused review aims to update the current information regarding immune correlates of COVID-19 recovery to understand better the probability of reinfection in COVID-19 infected cases that may serve as guides for ongoing vaccine strategy improvement.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）在基于症状严重程度的宿主中表现出可变的免疫反应。康复者的免疫力是否能有效避免再次感染尚不清楚。确定针对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫记忆状态有助于识别再感染风险和疫苗功效。因此，在从 COVID-19 中康复后，评估先前疾病的保护效力和持久免疫力可能非常重要。最近的报告描述了 SARS-CoV-2 特异性体液和细胞反应在 SARS-CoV-2 个体康复后超过六个月的动态。鉴于目前的证据，NK 细胞亚群，特别是记忆样 NK 细胞亚群，表明在确定 COVID-19 严重程度方面发挥着重要作用。尽管如此，关于 SARS-CoV-2 感染赋予的 NK 细胞长期免疫的信息仍然很少。疫苗临床试验和观察性研究的证据表明，针对 SARS-CoV-2 的混合自然/疫苗免疫似乎是一种显著有效的保护。我们建议将来自康复供体的血浆疗法与疫苗接种相结合可能是有效的。本次重点综述旨在更新有关 COVID-19 康复的免疫相关性的最新信息，以更好地了解 COVID-19 感染病例再次感染的可能性，这可能为正在进行的疫苗策略改进提供指导。
