Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
J Med Internet Res. 2022 Jun 21;24(6):e38423. doi: 10.2196/38423.
Effective interventions aimed at correcting COVID-19 vaccine misinformation, known as fact-checking messages, are needed to combat the mounting antivaccine infodemic and alleviate vaccine hesitancy.
This work investigates (1) the changes in the public's attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines over time, (2) the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine fact-checking information on social media engagement and attitude change, and (3) the emotional and linguistic features of the COVID-19 vaccine fact-checking information ecosystem.
We collected a data set of 12,553 COVID-19 vaccine fact-checking Facebook posts and their associated comments (N=122,362) from January 2020 to March 2022 and conducted a series of natural language processing and statistical analyses to investigate trends in public attitude toward the vaccine in COVID-19 vaccine fact-checking posts and comments, and emotional and linguistic features of the COVID-19 fact-checking information ecosystem.
The percentage of fact-checking posts relative to all COVID-19 vaccine posts peaked in May 2020 and then steadily decreased as the pandemic progressed (r=-0.92, df=21, t=-10.94, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.82, P<.001). The salience of COVID-19 vaccine entities was significantly lower in comments (mean 0.03, SD 0.03, t=39.28, P<.001) than in posts (mean 0.09, SD 0.11). Third-party fact checkers have been playing a more important role in more fact-checking over time (r=0.63, df=25, t=4.06, 95% CI 0.33-0.82, P<.001). COVID-19 vaccine fact-checking posts continued to be more analytical (r=0.81, df=25, t=6.88, 95% CI 0.62-0.91, P<.001) and more confident (r=0.59, df=25, t=3.68, 95% CI 0.27-0.79, P=.001) over time. Although comments did not exhibit a significant increase in confidence over time, tentativeness in comments significantly decreased (r=-0.62, df=25, t=-3.94, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.31, P=.001). In addition, although hospitals receive less engagement than other information sources, the comments expressed more positive attitudinal valence in comments compared to other information sources (b=0.06, 95% CI 0.00-0.12, t=2.03, P=.04).
The percentage of fact-checking posts relative to all posts about the vaccine steadily decreased after May 2020. As the pandemic progressed, third-party fact checkers played a larger role in posting fact-checking COVID-19 vaccine posts. COVID-19 vaccine fact-checking posts continued to be more analytical and more confident over time, reflecting increased confidence in posts. Similarly, tentativeness in comments decreased; this likewise suggests that public uncertainty diminished over time. COVID-19 fact-checking vaccine posts from hospitals yielded more positive attitudes toward vaccination than other information sources. At the same time, hospitals received less engagement than other information sources. This suggests that hospitals should invest more in generating engaging public health campaigns on social media.
为了应对日益严重的反疫苗信息疫情，缓解疫苗犹豫情绪，需要采取有效的干预措施，纠正关于新冠疫苗的错误信息，即事实核查信息。
本研究旨在调查（1）公众对新冠疫苗的态度随时间的变化，（2）新冠疫苗事实核查信息在社交媒体参与度和态度改变方面的有效性，以及（3）新冠疫苗事实核查信息生态系统的情感和语言特征。
我们收集了 2020 年 1 月至 2022 年 3 月期间，12553 篇关于新冠疫苗的事实核查 Facebook 帖子及其相关评论（N=122362），并进行了一系列自然语言处理和统计分析，以调查新冠疫苗事实核查帖子和评论中公众对疫苗的态度变化趋势，以及新冠事实核查信息生态系统的情感和语言特征。
与所有关于新冠疫苗的帖子相比，关于新冠疫苗的事实核查帖子的比例在 2020 年 5 月达到峰值，随后随着疫情的进展稳步下降（r=-0.92，df=21，t=-10.94，95%CI -0.97 至 -0.82，P<.001）。在评论中，新冠疫苗实体的突出度明显低于帖子（平均值 0.03，标准差 0.03，t=39.28，P<.001）。随着时间的推移，第三方事实核查机构在更多的事实核查中发挥了更重要的作用（r=0.63，df=25，t=4.06，95%CI 0.33-0.82，P<.001）。新冠疫苗事实核查帖子继续变得更加分析性（r=0.81，df=25，t=6.88，95%CI 0.62-0.91，P<.001）和更加自信（r=0.59，df=25，t=3.68，95%CI 0.27-0.79，P=.001）。尽管评论中并没有表现出信心的显著增加，但评论中的犹豫情绪明显减少（r=-0.62，df=25，t=-3.94，95%CI -0.81 至 -0.31，P=.001）。此外，尽管医院的参与度低于其他信息来源，但与其他信息来源相比，医院的评论表达了更积极的态度（b=0.06，95%CI 0.00-0.12，t=2.03，P=.04）。
与所有关于疫苗的帖子相比，关于疫苗的事实核查帖子的比例在 2020 年 5 月之后稳步下降。随着疫情的发展，第三方事实核查机构在发布新冠疫苗事实核查帖子方面发挥了更大的作用。随着时间的推移，新冠疫苗事实核查帖子继续变得更加分析性和更加自信，反映出对帖子的信心增强。同样，评论中的犹豫情绪也有所减少；这同样表明公众的不确定性随着时间的推移而减少。来自医院的新冠疫苗事实核查帖子对疫苗接种的态度比其他信息来源更为积极。与此同时，医院的参与度低于其他信息来源。这表明医院应该在社交媒体上投入更多精力，开展更具吸引力的公共卫生宣传活动。
Zotero 插件
