Mischlinger Johannes, Jochum Johannes, Ramharter Michael, Kurth Florian
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2022 Jun;147(12):745-755. doi: 10.1055/a-1661-3783. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. The annual number of cases is currently estimated at around 240 million globally, of which more than 500,000 cases are fatal. The majority of malaria cases in Europe are imported from the African continent. Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria tropica, causes 75-90 % of all infections imported to Germany. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are the standard treatment for uncomplicated malaria worldwide. In addition to uncomplicated malaria infections, Plasmodium falciparum can cause severe malaria, characterized by vital organ dysfunction and hyperparasitaemia. The treatment of choice for severe malaria is parenteral artesunate. For all patients presenting with febrile illness after a stay in a malaria-endemic area malaria must be ruled out immediately. Microscopy of the thick drop remains the gold standard for diagnosis in clinical routine.
疟疾仍然是全球最重要的传染病之一。目前全球每年疟疾病例估计约为2.4亿例，其中超过50万例是致命的。欧洲的大多数疟疾病例是从非洲大陆输入的。热带疟疾的病原体恶性疟原虫导致了所有输入德国感染病例的75%-90%。以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法是全球非复杂性疟疾的标准治疗方法。除了非复杂性疟疾感染外，恶性疟原虫还可导致严重疟疾，其特征为重要器官功能障碍和高疟原虫血症。严重疟疾的首选治疗方法是肠外青蒿琥酯。对于所有在疟疾流行地区停留后出现发热性疾病的患者，必须立即排除疟疾。厚血滴涂片镜检仍然是临床常规诊断的金标准。
