Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA.
Psychol Med. 2023 Jul;53(10):4474-4486. doi: 10.1017/S0033291722001349. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
Despite a large descriptive literature linking creativity and risk for psychiatric illness, the magnitude and specificity of this relationship remain controversial.
We examined, in 1 137 354 native Swedes with one of 59 3-digit official and objective occupational codes in managerial and educated classes, their familial genetic risk score (FGRS) for ten major disorders, calculated from 1 through 5 degree relatives. Mean FGRS across disorders were calculated, in 3- and 4-digit occupational groups, and then controlled for those whose disorder onset preceded occupational choice. Using sequential analyses, values were evaluated using Bonferroni correction.
3-digit professions considered to reflect creativity (e.g. 'artists' and 'authors') were among those with statistically significant elevations of FGRS. Among more specific 4-digit codes, visual artists, actors, and authors stood out with elevated genetic risks, highest for major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD) and OCD, more modest for bipolar disorders (BD) and schizophrenia and, for authors, for drug and alcohol use disorders. However, equal or greater elevations in FGRS across disorders were seen for religious (e.g. ministers), helping (e.g. psychologists, social workers), and teaching/academic occupations (e.g. professors). The potential pathway from FGRS → Disorder → Occupation accounts for a modest proportion of the signal, largely for MD and AD risk.
While traditional creative occupations were associated with elevated genetic risk for a range of psychiatric disorders, this association was not unique, as similar, or greater elevations were seen for religious, helping and teaching professions and was stronger for internalizing than psychotic disorders.
尽管有大量描述性文献将创造力与精神疾病风险联系起来，但这种关系的程度和特异性仍存在争议。
我们在 1137354 名具有 59 个 3 位官方和客观职业代码之一的瑞典本地人中进行了研究，这些人在管理和受教育阶层中担任职务。使用来自 1 级到 5 级亲属的 10 种主要疾病的家族遗传风险评分（FGRS）计算其 FGRS。在 3 位和 4 位职业组中计算了跨疾病的平均 FGRS，然后对那些疾病发病先于职业选择的人进行了控制。使用顺序分析，使用 Bonferroni 校正评估 值。
被认为反映创造力的 3 位职业（例如“艺术家”和“作家”）在 FGRS 升高的职业中名列前茅。在更具体的 4 位职业代码中，视觉艺术家、演员和作家的遗传风险最高，主要表现为重度抑郁症（MD）、焦虑症（AD）和强迫症（OCD），双相情感障碍（BD）和精神分裂症次之，对于作家来说，药物和酒精使用障碍的风险较高。然而，在 FGRS 跨疾病的升高幅度与宗教（例如部长）、帮助（例如心理学家、社会工作者）和教学/学术职业（例如教授）相等或更大。FGRS→疾病→职业的潜在途径解释了信号的一部分，主要是 MD 和 AD 风险。
虽然传统的创造性职业与一系列精神疾病的遗传风险升高有关，但这种关联并非独一无二，因为类似的，或更高的升高幅度也出现在宗教、帮助和教学职业中，并且在精神疾病中比精神病更为明显。
