Mao Liangang, Liu Xingang, Sial Muhammad Umair, Zhang Lan, Zhu Lizhen, Wu Chi, Cao Aocheng
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31439. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83182-0.
There is a growing problem in China, whereby tomato replant disease is being affected by Fusarium spp., Meloidogyne spp., and Phytophthora spp. To address these pests that live in the soil, we evaluated how well applying a dazomet (DZ) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) combination directly to the soil works in three different tomato trials. The combined treatment of DZ + 1,3-D (25 + 10 g a.i. m⁻²), applied at a 50% reduction rate, effectively decreased Meloidogyne spp. populations in the soil by more than 94%. This resulted in low root galling indices of 2.67%, 4.17%, and 10.83% in the different trials. In addition, it significantly decreased the number of Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. colonies by more than 82%, resulting in low root disease indices of 3.33%, 10.00%, and 10.42%, respectively. This also greatly increased tomato yield and profit for growers. The results obtained with DZ alone and methyl bromide (MB) at 50 g a.i. m⁻² were similar. However, these results were better than those obtained with 1,3-D at 20 g a.i. m⁻² alone in controlling soilborne fungi in trials I and III. Compared to the untreated controls and the soil solarization disinfestation treatments, all the chemical treatments performed significantly better. Due to its effectiveness in controlling pests and its economic advantages, soil fumigation with DZ + 1,3-D (25 + 10 g a.i. m⁻²) is recommended in pest management programs for tomato cultivation in China. This treatment is highly effective in managing pests that reside in the soil.
在中国，番茄再植病害受镰刀菌属、根结线虫属和疫霉属影响的问题日益严重。为应对这些土壤中的害虫，我们在三项不同的番茄试验中评估了直接向土壤施用棉隆（DZ）和1,3 - 二氯丙烯（1,3 - D）组合的效果。以50%的减量率施用DZ + 1,3 - D（25 + 10克有效成分/平方米）的联合处理，有效降低了土壤中根结线虫属种群数量超过94%。这导致不同试验中的根瘤指数分别低至2.67%、4.17%和10.83%。此外，它还显著减少了镰刀菌属和疫霉属菌落数量超过82%，根病指数分别低至3.33%、10.00%和10.42%。这也极大地提高了番茄产量和种植者的利润。单独使用DZ以及使用50克有效成分/平方米的甲基溴（MB）所获得的结果相似。然而，在试验I和III中，这些结果在控制土传真菌方面优于单独使用20克有效成分/平方米 的1,3 - D所获得的结果。与未处理对照和土壤太阳能消毒处理相比，所有化学处理的效果都显著更好。由于其在控制害虫方面的有效性及其经济优势，在中国番茄种植的害虫管理计划中，建议使用DZ + 1,3 - D（25 + 10克有效成分/平方米）进行土壤熏蒸处理。这种处理在管理土壤中的害虫方面非常有效。
