Neville H J, Lawson D
Brain Res. 1987 Mar 10;405(2):284-94. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90297-6.
We employed event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and measures of signal detectability to compare attention to peripheral and central visual stimuli in normal hearing subjects who were born to deaf parents (HD Ss) and whose first language was American Sign Language (ASL). The results were compared with those obtained from normal hearing Ss and congenitally deaf Ss in the same paradigm. Task performance and ERPs during attention to the foveal region were similar in the 3 groups. In contrast, with attention to the peripheral stimuli the deaf Ss displayed attention effects over the occipital regions of both hemispheres that were several times larger than those in the hearing and the HD Ss. However, both HD and deaf Ss displayed lateral asymmetries in behavior and ERPs that were opposite in direction to those of the hearing Ss. Whereas hearing Ss detected the direction of target motion better when it occurred in the left visual field, deaf and HD Ss performed better for right visual field targets. Consistent with these results, the amplitude of the attention-related increases in the ERPs were larger from temporal and parietal regions of the right than the left hemisphere in hearing Ss, but were larger from the left than the right hemisphere in both the HD and the deaf Ss. These results suggest that auditory deprivation and the acquisition of a visual language have marked and different effects on the development of cortical specializations in humans.
我们采用事件相关脑电位（ERP）和信号检测能力测量方法，比较了父母为聋人的正常听力受试者（HD受试者）对周边和中央视觉刺激的注意力，这些受试者的第一语言是美国手语（ASL）。将结果与在相同范式下从正常听力受试者和先天性聋人受试者获得的结果进行比较。在关注中央凹区域时，三组受试者的任务表现和ERP相似。相比之下，在关注周边刺激时，聋人受试者在两个半球的枕叶区域显示出的注意力效应比听力受试者和HD受试者大几倍。然而，HD受试者和聋人受试者在行为和ERP上都表现出与听力受试者方向相反的侧向不对称。听力受试者在左视野出现目标运动时能更好地检测到目标运动方向，而聋人和HD受试者在右视野目标上表现更好。与这些结果一致，听力受试者ERP中与注意力相关的增加幅度在右半球的颞叶和顶叶区域比左半球大，而在HD受试者和聋人受试者中，左半球比右半球大。这些结果表明，听觉剥夺和视觉语言的习得对人类皮质特化的发展有显著且不同的影响。
