Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
Northern Railway Hospital, Sri Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra, Reasi 182320, India.
Curr Drug Metab. 2022;23(10):781-799. doi: 10.2174/1389200223666220608144551.
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women around the world, having a sudden spread nowadays because of the poor sedentary lifestyle of people. Comprising several subtypes, one of the most dangerous and aggressive ones is triple-negative breast cancer or TNBC. Even though conventional surgical approaches like single and double mastectomy and preventive chemotherapeutic approaches are available, they are not selective to cancer cells and are only for symptomatic treatment. A new branch called nanotechnology has emerged in the last few decades that offers various novel characteristics, such as size in nanometric scale, enhanced adherence to multiple targeting moieties, active and passive targeting, controlled release, and site-specific targeting. Among various nanotherapeutic approaches like dendrimers, lipid-structured nanocarriers, carbon nanotubes, etc., nanoparticle targeted therapeutics can be termed the best among all for their specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells and increased bioavailability to a target site. This review focuses on the types and molecular pathways involving TNBC, existing treatment strategies, various nanotechnological approaches like exosomes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, lipid, and carbon-based nanocarriers, and especially various nanoparticles (NPs) like polymeric, photodynamic, peptide conjugated, antibody-conjugated, metallic, inorganic, natural product capped, and CRISPR based nanoparticles already approved for treatment or are under clinical and pre-clinical trials for TNBC.
乳腺癌是全球女性最常见的癌症，由于人们不良的久坐生活方式，其发病率如今突然上升。乳腺癌有多个亚型，其中最危险和侵袭性的一种是三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）。尽管有传统的手术方法，如单切术和双切术，以及预防性化疗方法，但这些方法对癌细胞没有选择性，只是对症治疗。在过去几十年中，一个名为纳米技术的新分支出现了，它提供了各种新颖的特性，如纳米级的尺寸、增强对多种靶向部分的黏附性、主动和被动靶向、控制释放和特定部位靶向。在各种纳米治疗方法中，如树状聚合物、脂质结构纳米载体、碳纳米管等，纳米颗粒靶向治疗可以被称为所有方法中最好的方法，因为它对癌细胞具有特异性细胞毒性，并且增加了对靶部位的生物利用度。这篇综述重点介绍了涉及 TNBC 的类型和分子途径、现有的治疗策略、各种纳米技术方法，如外泌体、碳纳米管、树状聚合物、脂质和基于碳的纳米载体，以及特别是各种已经批准用于治疗 TNBC 或正在进行临床试验或临床前试验的纳米颗粒（NPs），如聚合物、光动力、肽偶联、抗体偶联、金属、无机、天然产物帽、基于 CRISPR 的 NPs。
