Tomasello Federico
Robert Schumann Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Villa Schifanoia, room VL027, Via Boccaccio 121, 50133 Florence, Italy.
Theory Soc. 2023;52(3):463-486. doi: 10.1007/s11186-022-09480-6. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
Growing social inequalities represent a major concern associated with the Digital Revolution. The article tackles this issue by exploring how welfare regulations and redistribution policies can be rethought in the age of digital capitalism. It focuses on the history and enduring crisis of social citizenship rights in their connection with technological changes, in order to draw a comparison between the industrial and the digital scenario. The first section addresses the link between the Industrial Revolution and the genesis of social rights. It describes the latter as a legal 'machine' designed to offset the imbalances produced by the technological movement of industrialization. The second and third sections introduce the notion of 'industrial citizenship' to describe the architecture of social rights in mature industrial societies and to contend that European systems of welfare are still largely modeled on an industrial standard. The fourth part investigates the impact of the Digital Revolution on this model of social citizenship. It identifies debates on basic income as a major trajectory for redesigning welfare regulations in a post-industrial era, and the digital user as a crucial emerging subject of rights. The final part explores how digital users could be entitled to social rights as data suppliers. To this end, it introduces the idea of 'digital-social rights' resulting from the incorporation of welfare and redistribution principles into emerging digital rights. Hence, it proposes a legal-political framework for the redistribution of the revenues generated by data in the form of a 'digital basic income' for citizens of cyberspace.
日益加剧的社会不平等是与数字革命相关的一个主要问题。本文通过探讨在数字资本主义时代如何重新思考福利法规和再分配政策来解决这一问题。它聚焦于社会公民权利的历史及持久危机与技术变革的联系，以便对工业场景和数字场景进行比较。第一部分论述工业革命与社会权利起源之间的联系。它将社会权利描述为一种法律“机制”，旨在抵消工业化技术变革所产生的失衡。第二和第三部分引入“工业公民身份”的概念，以描述成熟工业社会中社会权利的架构，并主张欧洲福利体系在很大程度上仍以工业标准为蓝本。第四部分研究数字革命对这种社会公民身份模式的影响。它将关于基本收入的辩论确定为后工业时代重新设计福利法规的一条主要路径，将数字用户确定为一个关键的新兴权利主体。最后一部分探讨数字用户作为数据提供者如何能够享有社会权利。为此，它引入了“数字社会权利”的概念，这一概念源于将福利和再分配原则纳入新兴数字权利之中。因此，它提出了一个法律政治框架，以“数字基本收入”的形式对网络空间公民的数据产生的收益进行再分配。
