Department of Biology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye.
Department of Field Crops, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Aug;49(8):7815-7826. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07607-7. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
Genus Adonis L. contain approximately 40 annual and perennial species, which are widely distributed in the temperate zones of Asia and Europe, and less frequently in southwestern Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean region. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship among Adonis taxa collected from Türkiye based on nrDNA Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) markers.
Samples of 64 individual genotypes from 21 populations of 10 Adonis taxa were collected from different regions of the country during vegetation period between 2014 and 2018. ITS1, ITS4, P16 and P25 primers within ITS technique was used to genotype the plant materials. Then, genotypic data was used to estimate magnitude and organization of infraspecific variation in different populations of Adonis.
About 600 bp DNA sequences were obtained from each 64 Adonis genotypes belonging to 21 different populations. The dendrogram obtained from Adonis taxa and out-group sequences had two large main groups. While the out-group species were placed in the first large main group, the sect. Consiligo (perennial) and sect. Adonis (annuals) were placed in different sub-groups of the second large main group. Genetic similarity among Adonis taxa varied between A. microcarpa and A. dentata (98.46%). Principal component analysis indicated that two important components in Adonis taxa genotypes. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.0252 (sub-population A) to 0.3460 (sub-population C), with an average of 0.1154. In addition, population differentiation measurements (Fst) ranged from 0.0025 (sub-population C) to 0.9016 (sub-population A) with a relatively high average 0.6601.
Present analyses revealed that phylogenetic classification (grouping) of Adonis taxa largely depended on morphological structure and present ITS primers were quite efficient in putting forth the genetic diversity of such species. The results of this study suggested that ITS markers could be used in the identification of genetic diversity among the Adonis taxa. The results obtained from molecular data can be used to explore the genetic variation pattern, population structure, and the evolutionary history of genus Adonis in the future.
Adonis L. 属约有 40 个一年生和多年生物种，广泛分布于亚洲和欧洲的温带地区，较少分布于西亚、北非和地中海地区。本研究的目的是基于 nrDNA 内转录间隔区（ITS）标记评估从土耳其收集的 Adonis 分类群之间的系统发育关系。
2014 年至 2018 年植被期间，从该国不同地区采集了来自 10 个 Adonis 分类群的 21 个种群的 64 个个体基因型样本。使用 ITS 技术内的 ITS1、ITS4、P16 和 P25 引物对植物材料进行基因分型。然后，使用基因型数据估计不同 Adonis 种群的种内变异幅度和组织。
从属于 21 个不同种群的 64 个 Adonis 基因型中，每个基因型都获得了约 600bp 的 DNA 序列。来自 Adonis 分类群和外群序列的系统发育树有两个大的主要分支。虽然外群物种位于第一个大的主要分支中，但多年生的 sect. Consiligo 和一年生的 sect. Adonis 则位于第二个大的主要分支的不同亚群中。Adonis 分类群之间的遗传相似性在 A. microcarpa 和 A. dentata 之间变化（98.46%）。主成分分析表明，Adonis 分类群基因型中有两个重要的组成部分。期望杂合度范围从 0.0252（亚种群 A）到 0.3460（亚种群 C），平均为 0.1154。此外，种群分化测量值（Fst）范围从 0.0025（亚种群 C）到 0.9016（亚种群 A），平均相对较高，为 0.6601。
目前的分析表明，Adonis 分类群的系统发育分类（分组）很大程度上取决于形态结构，目前的 ITS 引物在展示此类物种的遗传多样性方面非常有效。本研究的结果表明，ITS 标记可用于鉴定 Adonis 分类群之间的遗传多样性。从分子数据中获得的结果可用于探索未来 Adonis 属的遗传变异模式、种群结构和进化历史。
