Altay Volkan, Karahan Faruk, Öztürk Munir, Hakeem Khalid Rehman, Ilhan Emre, Erayman Mustafa
Department of Biology, Mustafa Kemal University, 31001, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
Botany Department and Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
J Plant Res. 2016 Nov;129(6):1021-1032. doi: 10.1007/s10265-016-0864-6. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
This paper covers studies on the molecular and ecological aspects of G. glabra var. glandulifera, G. flavescens ssp. flavescens and G. echinata collected from Hatay (Turkey); with the aim to better understand their genetic variation and ecological requirements for possible conservation programs. The material including total genomic DNA was extracted by the CTAB, and for PCR reaction, a total of 14 SSR primers developed for Medicago truncatula were used. PCR amplifications were performed in a Multigen Thermal Cycler. Soil samples were analysed for their texture, pH, total soluble salts, calcium carbonate, total N content, total phosphorus and organic matter content. In order to see the association between genetic, ecological and geographical data, a similarity matrix was generated. Genetic similarity distances between genotypes were correlated with those of Eucledian distances obtained from ecological and geographical data. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed using GenAlEx 6.5 software to determine variation among and within genetic variations. The genetic analysis showed that the highest expected heterozygosity values were obtained from G. glabra while the lowest were obtained from G. echinata. In general heterozygosity values were low, especially for G. echinata. Therefore, variation appears to be lower within each species than among three species. The physical and chemical analysis of soil and plant samples indicates that mineral accumulation in plants is substantially affected by the soil characteristics. There is a need for identification of better strategies for the improvement of varieties, especially for small farmers managing marginal soils. More studies should be conducted in order to safeguard these taxa, especially G. glabra var. glandulifera which is collected intensively due to its economic value, the same is true for endemic taxon G. flavescens ssp. flavescens.
本文涵盖了对从土耳其哈塔伊采集的光果甘草变种腺果甘草、淡黄甘草亚种淡黄甘草和刺果甘草的分子和生态方面的研究；目的是更好地了解它们的遗传变异和生态需求，以便制定可能的保护计划。采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵法提取包括总基因组DNA在内的材料，并在PCR反应中使用了总共14个为蒺藜苜蓿开发的SSR引物。PCR扩增在多基因热循环仪中进行。对土壤样本进行质地、pH值、总可溶性盐、碳酸钙、总氮含量、总磷和有机质含量分析。为了观察遗传、生态和地理数据之间的关联，生成了一个相似性矩阵。基因型之间的遗传相似距离与从生态和地理数据获得的欧几里得距离相关。使用GenAlEx 6.5软件进行分子方差分析（AMOVA），以确定遗传变异之间和内部的变异。遗传分析表明，光果甘草的预期杂合度值最高，而刺果甘草的预期杂合度值最低。总体而言，杂合度值较低，尤其是刺果甘草。因此，每个物种内部的变异似乎低于三个物种之间的变异。土壤和植物样本的物理和化学分析表明，植物中的矿物质积累受土壤特性的显著影响。需要确定更好的品种改良策略，特别是对于经营边际土壤的小农户。应该进行更多的研究以保护这些分类群，特别是由于其经济价值而被大量采集的光果甘草变种腺果甘草，对于特有分类群淡黄甘草亚种淡黄甘草也是如此。
