Reitz Anne K, Luhmann Maike, Bleidorn Wiebke, Denissen Jaap J A
Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University.
Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2022 Sep;123(3):597-620. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000423. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
Transitions in and out of work are common experiences with major repercussions for people's lives. The complex link between work transitions and psychological adjustment is not well understood, however. In this preregistered study, we analyzed 11 waves of longitudinal data from a representative sample of 13,671 Dutch participants to examine the transactional effects between repeated work transitions (employment and unemployment) and psychological adjustment (self-esteem and life satisfaction). We investigated change trajectories before and after the transitions and tested whether event-related characteristics moderated transition effects. Participants with higher levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction were less likely to experience unemployment and more likely to experience employment, indicating selection effects. Participants decreased in their self-esteem and life satisfaction before the beginning of unemployment indicating anticipatory effects, with larger decreases in self-esteem for participants who ended up experiencing longer unemployment. We found no effects of employment on changes in life satisfaction or self-esteem (except when accounting for unemployment), but participants entering more satisfying jobs showed larger increases in life satisfaction. Results were mostly robust when accounting for gender, age, socioeconomic status, and the Big Five traits, and when using propensity-score matching. Effects did not differ among multiple experiences of the same transition. Together, these findings point to dynamic transactions between employment/unemployment and self-esteem/life satisfaction. Findings highlight the importance of closely assessing the specific timing of pre- and posttransition changes and the existence of large individual differences in reactions to work transitions that seem to be partly explained by event-related characteristics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
进出职场是常见的经历，会对人们的生活产生重大影响。然而，工作转换与心理调适之间的复杂联系尚未得到充分理解。在这项预先注册的研究中，我们分析了来自13671名荷兰参与者的代表性样本的11波纵向数据，以检验反复的工作转换（就业和失业）与心理调适（自尊和生活满意度）之间的交互效应。我们研究了转换前后的变化轨迹，并测试了与事件相关的特征是否调节了转换效应。自尊和生活满意度水平较高的参与者失业的可能性较小，就业的可能性较大，这表明存在选择效应。在失业开始前，参与者的自尊和生活满意度有所下降，这表明存在预期效应，最终经历较长时间失业的参与者自尊下降幅度更大。我们发现就业对生活满意度或自尊的变化没有影响（除了在考虑失业因素时），但进入更满意工作的参与者生活满意度有更大的提高。在考虑性别、年龄、社会经济地位和大五人格特质时，以及使用倾向得分匹配时，结果大多是稳健的。同一转换的多次经历之间的效应没有差异。总之，这些发现表明就业/失业与自尊/生活满意度之间存在动态交互作用。研究结果强调了密切评估转换前后变化的具体时间以及对工作转换反应中存在巨大个体差异的重要性，这些差异似乎部分可以由与事件相关的特征来解释。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2022美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
