Siracusa Rosalba, Voltarelli Vanessa A, Salinaro Angela Trovato, Modafferi Sergio, Cuzzocrea Salvatore, Calabrese Edward J, Di Paola Rosanna, Otterbein Leo E, Calabrese Vittorio
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Aug;202:115122. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115122. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are time honored gases that have direct bearing on almost all life forms, but over the past thirty years, and in large part due to the Nobel Prize Award in Medicine for the elucidation of nitric oxide (NO) as a bioactive gas, the research and medical communities now recognize other gases as critical for survival. In addition to NO, hydrogen sulfide (HS) and carbon monoxide (CO) have emerged as a triumvirate or Trinacrium of gases with analogous importance and that serve important homeostatic functions. Perhaps, one of the most intriguing aspects of these gases is the functional interaction between them, which is intimately linked by the enzyme systems that produce them. Despite the need to better understand NO, HS and CO biology, the notion that these are environmental pollutants remains ever present. For this reason, incorporating the concept of hormesis becomes imperative and must be included in discussions when considering developing new therapeutics that involve these gases. While there is now an enormous literature base for each of these gasotransmitters, we provide here an overview of their respective physiologic roles in the brain.
氧气和二氧化碳是历史悠久的气体，几乎与所有生命形式都有直接关联，但在过去三十年里，很大程度上由于诺贝尔医学奖授予了阐明一氧化氮（NO）作为一种生物活性气体的研究，研究界和医学界现在认识到其他气体对生存也至关重要。除了NO，硫化氢（HS）和一氧化碳（CO）已成为具有类似重要性且发挥重要稳态功能的三气体组合或三元组。也许，这些气体最引人入胜的方面之一是它们之间的功能相互作用，这种相互作用通过产生它们的酶系统紧密相连。尽管需要更好地理解NO、HS和CO的生物学特性，但认为它们是环境污染物的观念仍然存在。因此，纳入毒物兴奋效应的概念变得势在必行，并且在考虑开发涉及这些气体的新疗法时必须在讨论中予以考虑。虽然现在每种气体递质都有大量的文献基础，但我们在此概述它们在大脑中的各自生理作用。
