Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, United States of America.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2022 Aug;178:34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.004. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Excessive monitoring of one's performance is a characteristic of anxiety disorders that has been linked to alterations in implicit emotion regulation (ER), including elevations in neural measures of performance monitoring (i.e., error- and correct-related negativity; ERN and CRN). Elevations in ERN and CRN amplitudes have been reported consistently in anxiety disorders, suggesting that an overactive performance monitoring system is linked to ER difficulties in anxiety. Yet, the relevance of these lab-based neural measures for day-to-day emotional functioning remains poorly understood. This study examined the degree to which ERN and CRN amplitudes are associated with measures of daily ER difficulties in youth with anxiety disorders. Youth (N = 100, M = 11.14, SD = 1.46) completed a computerized flanker task assessing the ERN and CRN. They then completed a 5-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol assessing their daily ER (i.e., intensity of momentary and peak negative affect, intensity of worry, reliance on maladaptive ER strategies). Results showed that more negative mean CRN amplitudes were associated with higher levels of negative emotional reactivity and more intense worries. There were no significant associations between ERN amplitude and EMA measures. Furthermore, elevations in CRN were linked to more frequent use of maladaptive ER strategies (i.e., rumination, physiological reactivity, avoidance). Together, results indicate that among youth with anxiety, individual differences in CRN, but not ERN, amplitudes are related to daily ER difficulties. Findings highlight the clinical utility of a lab-based neural measure of ER, suggesting that the CRN, rather than the ERN, reflects individual ER differences in the context of daily life among youth with pediatric anxiety disorders. As such, the CRN might serve as an important dimensional index of a treatment target that can be tracked with a validated, multi-method measure.
过度监控自己的表现是焦虑障碍的一个特征，与内隐情绪调节（ER）的改变有关，包括神经绩效监测（即错误和正确相关负性；ERN 和 CRN）的升高。在焦虑障碍中，ERN 和 CRN 幅度的升高一直被报道，这表明过度活跃的绩效监测系统与焦虑中的 ER 困难有关。然而，这些基于实验室的神经测量对于日常情绪功能的相关性仍知之甚少。本研究考察了 ERN 和 CRN 幅度与焦虑障碍青少年日常 ER 困难测量之间的关联程度。100 名青少年（M=11.14，SD=1.46）完成了一项评估 ERN 和 CRN 的计算机化侧抑制任务。然后，他们完成了一项为期 5 天的生态瞬时评估（EMA）协议，评估他们的日常 ER（即瞬间和峰值负性情绪、担忧强度、对适应不良 ER 策略的依赖）。结果表明，更负的平均 CRN 幅度与更高水平的负性情绪反应和更强烈的担忧有关。ERN 幅度与 EMA 测量之间没有显著关联。此外，CRN 升高与更频繁地使用适应不良的 ER 策略（即沉思、生理反应、回避）有关。总之，结果表明，在焦虑的青少年中，CRN 而不是 ERN 幅度的个体差异与日常 ER 困难有关。研究结果强调了基于实验室的 ER 神经测量的临床实用性，表明 CRN 而不是 ERN 反映了儿科焦虑障碍青少年日常生活中个体 ER 差异。因此，CRN 可以作为一个重要的治疗目标维度指标，可以用一种经过验证的、多方法的测量来跟踪。
