College of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China.
Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 25;19(11):6421. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116421.
Traditional settlements have received increasing attention because of China’s rural revitalization. Traditional settlements with excellent thermal comfort in rural areas can attract urban residents, so it is vital to explore the thermal comfort of traditional settlements. For this paper, we studied Linpan settlements, which are scattered traditional settlements that are mainly composed of buildings and trees. Firstly, we visually interpreted Linpan settlements by ArcGIS. A total of 1194 Linpan settlements were classified to obtain the spatial components. The statistical results of Linpan were used in the subsequent experimental design. Then ENVI-met was used to simulate 25 different spatial forms of Linpan obtained by statistical results and orthogonal experiment to explore the most comfortable Linpan layout. The results showed the following: (1) Linpan could improve thermal comfort in both winter and summer. Adjusting the spatial arrangement could maximally increase the mean physiological equivalent temperature (PET) of the whole Linpan area by 1.03 °C in winter and reduce it by 3.02 °C in the summer. (2) At different time points, the influence of different space factors on thermal comfort was also different. The overall significance of each factor on thermal comfort was addressed as follows: vegetation coverage (highly significant) > building number (highly significant) > building form (highly significant) > vegetation distribution (significant), but the building distribution was not significant. (3) The best spatial arrangement scheme was high vegetation coverage, a large number of buildings, tri-courtyard buildings, surrounding vegetation distribution, and surrounding building distribution. The innovation of this paper lies in introduced thermal comfort into the traditional Linpan settlement, extracted spatial features of buildings and vegetation by visual interpretation combined with GIS software, and the fact that we conducted the experimental design of microclimate and thermal comfort based on spatial features. The research results can guide the outdoor thermal environment renewal design of Linpan and other traditional settlements.
传统村落受到了越来越多的关注，因为它们在中国农村振兴中发挥了重要作用。农村地区具有优良热舒适度的传统村落可以吸引城市居民，因此探索传统村落的热舒适度至关重要。在本文中，我们研究了林盘聚落，它是一种主要由建筑物和树木组成的分散的传统聚落。首先，我们使用 ArcGIS 对林盘聚落进行了视觉解释。共分类了 1194 个林盘聚落，以获得空间组成部分。林盘聚落的统计结果被用于后续的实验设计。然后使用 ENVI-met 模拟了统计结果和正交实验得到的 25 种不同的林盘空间形式，以探索最舒适的林盘布局。结果表明：（1）林盘可以改善冬夏两季的热舒适度。调整空间布置可以使整个林盘区域的平均生理等效温度（PET）在冬季最大增加 1.03°C，在夏季最大减少 3.02°C。（2）在不同的时间点，不同空间因素对热舒适度的影响也不同。每个因素对热舒适度的整体显著性如下：植被覆盖率（极显著）>建筑物数量（极显著）>建筑物形式（极显著）>植被分布（显著），但建筑物分布不显著。（3）最佳空间布置方案是高植被覆盖率、大量建筑物、三进院式建筑、周围植被分布和周围建筑物分布。本文的创新之处在于将热舒适度引入传统林盘聚落，通过视觉解释结合 GIS 软件提取建筑物和植被的空间特征，并基于空间特征进行微气候和热舒适度的实验设计。研究结果可以指导林盘及其他传统聚落的室外热环境更新设计。
