Xiong Yao, He Yinhui, Xie Xinyu, Zhai Tingting, Chu Ningling, Shen Lili, Yang Yunfeng
College of Art & Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
PLoS One. 2025 May 9;20(5):e0323252. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323252. eCollection 2025.
Traditional Chinese villages embody the ecological wisdom of ancient people to "conform to nature and transform nature". In the long-term process of natural evolution, the natural environment and human production and living space have been combined to develop a unique spatial pattern with climate adaptability, which has the ability to cope with and regulate natural climate. Under the context of China's rural revitalization, a study into the microclimate and thermal comfort of traditional villages holds promise for fostering the development of ecologically sustainable and aesthetically pleasing rural communities. This study focuses on three representative traditional villages in Nanjing. By employing a combination of measured data and ENVI-met numerical simulation, the microclimate effects of distinct spatial domains in these villages are analyzed. Additionally, the thermal comfort PET values are calculated using the Rayman platform, thereby objectively examining the relationship between spatial configuration and microclimate factors in Jiangnan traditional villages. The findings reveal that the PET values range from 38.4 to 57°C in summer and from 0.1 to 27°C in winter, with winter thermal comfort generally surpassing that of summer. From various villages. the internal water system of Shishanxia Village is scattered and the space is dense, with good ventilation and balanced humidity. Therefore, its thermal comfort in winter and summer is optimal. The northern mountain of Huanglongxian Village can effectively block the northwest monsoon and form a wind barrier, which can achieve the effect of keeping warm and controlling temperature in winter. Therefore, Huanglongxian has better thermal comfort in winter. Huashu Village is surrounded by water systems, with dense internal buildings and large hard areas inside the village. Plants are scarce, which can easily cause local high temperatures due to the absorption and radiation of solar radiation by hard underlying surfaces and buildings. Therefore, the comfort in winter and summer is the worst. Finally, the spatial configuration and landscape elements that influence human thermal comfort are revealed and transformation strategies tailored to each space type are summarized, aiming to provide scientifically grounded and rational recommendations for climate-adaptive design in rural areas.
中国传统村落蕴含着古人“顺应自然、改造自然”的生态智慧。在长期的自然演化过程中，自然环境与人类生产生活空间相互融合，形成了具有气候适应性的独特空间格局，具备应对和调节自然气候的能力。在中国乡村振兴的背景下，对传统村落的小气候和热舒适性进行研究，有望促进生态可持续且美观宜人的乡村社区发展。本研究聚焦于南京的三个代表性传统村落。通过实测数据与ENVI-met数值模拟相结合的方法，分析了这些村落不同空间区域的小气候效应。此外，利用Rayman平台计算热舒适PET值，从而客观考察江南传统村落空间形态与小气候因子之间的关系。研究结果表明，PET值夏季范围为38.4至57°C，冬季为0.1至27°C，冬季热舒适性总体优于夏季。在各个村落中，石山下村内部水系分散、空间密集，通风良好且湿度均衡。因此，其冬夏季热舒适性最佳。黄龙岘村北面的山体能够有效阻挡西北季风，形成风障，在冬季可实现保暖控温效果。所以，黄龙岘冬季热舒适性较好。桦墅村被水系环绕，内部建筑密集，村内硬质区域大，植物稀少，硬质下垫面和建筑对太阳辐射的吸收和辐射易导致局部高温。因此，其冬夏季舒适性最差。最后，揭示了影响人体热舒适性的空间形态和景观要素，并总结了针对各空间类型的改造策略，旨在为乡村气候适应性设计提供科学合理的建议。
