Cooperative Innovation Center for Transition of Resource-Based Economics, Shanxi University of Finance & Economics, Taiyuan 030006, China.
Research Institute of Resource-Based Economics, Shanxi University of Finance & Economics, Taiyuan 030006, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 30;19(11):6661. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116661.
Cultural ecosystem services (CESs) are an important part of ecosystem services (ESs). Correctly understanding the supply and demand relationship of CES is the premise of ES sustainable management and helps to improve human well-being. However, the evaluation and mapping of CES supply and demand represents a significant gap in ES research. Using the Shigou Township of Mizhi County in China as an example, in this study, we evaluated CES supply and demand at the village scale. We first considered three aspects of supply potential, accessibility and quality to construct an indicator system of six types of CES supply, including aesthetic (Aest), sense of place (SP), social relations (SR), cultural heritage (Cult), education (Edu) and recreation (Recr) and obtained demand data through a questionnaire. Then, we identified the imbalance in the supply and demand of CES by Z-score standardization based on the quantification of the CES supply and demand. Secondly, bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to identify tradeoffs/synergies on the CES supply side, and chi-square tests were used to identify CES demand differences between stakeholder groups. The results indicated that the supply-demand patterns of CES presented evident spatial differences. The low-supply-high-demand patterns of Aest, SR and Recr accounted for the largest proportions, with values of 33.33%, 33.33% and 30.95%, respectively. The low-supply-low-demand patterns of SP and Cult accounted for the largest proportions, with values of 30.95% and 38.10%, respectively. The low-supply-low-demand pattern of Edu accounted for the smallest proportion (21.43%) and was mainly located in the south of Shigou Township. The southwest, northeast and central areas of Shigou Township were the key regions of tradeoffs/synergies of CES supply. There were significant differences in CES demand for SR, Cult and Edu among stakeholder groups. The results could contribute to optimizing regional ecosystem management and provide effective information for improving the imbalance between the supply and demand of CES.
文化生态系统服务（CESs）是生态系统服务（ESs）的重要组成部分。正确理解 CES 的供给和需求关系是 ES 可持续管理的前提，有助于提高人类福祉。然而，CES 供给和需求的评估和制图在 ES 研究中存在显著差距。本研究以中国米脂县石沟镇为例，在村级尺度上评估 CES 供给和需求。首先，我们考虑了供给潜力、可达性和质量三个方面，构建了包括审美（Aest）、地方感（SP）、社会关系（SR）、文化遗产（Cult）、教育（Edu）和娱乐（Recr）六种 CES 供给类型的指标体系，并通过问卷调查获得需求数据。然后，我们基于 CES 供给和需求的量化，通过 Z 分数标准化来识别 CES 供给和需求的不平衡。其次，采用双变量空间自相关分析来识别 CES 供给侧的权衡/协同关系，采用卡方检验来识别利益相关者群体之间 CES 需求的差异。结果表明，CES 的供给-需求模式呈现出明显的空间差异。Aest、SR 和 Recr 的低供给-高需求模式占比最大，分别为 33.33%、33.33%和 30.95%。SP 和 Cult 的低供给-低需求模式占比最大，分别为 30.95%和 38.10%。Edu 的低供给-低需求模式占比最小（21.43%），主要分布在石沟镇南部。石沟镇的西南、东北和中部地区是 CES 供给权衡/协同的关键区域。SR、Cult 和 Edu 的 CES 需求在利益相关者群体之间存在显著差异。研究结果有助于优化区域生态系统管理，为改善 CES 供给和需求之间的不平衡提供有效信息。
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