Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities s. 20, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Institute of International and European Union Law, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities s. 20, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jan 10;855:158590. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158590. Epub 2022 Sep 19.
This work aims to map and assess the recreational culture ecosystem services (CES) supply and demand in Vilnius. A novel framework individually assessed natural recreational CES supply and cultural recreational CES supply dimensions. So far, the previous works did not consider both CES components individually. Also, the validation of CES models is scarce and challenging. This work aims to map and assess natural recreational supply CES, cultural recreational CES supply, natural + cultural recreational CES supply, and cultural recreational CES demand. The results showed that the natural recreational CES supply dimension was the highest in protected areas. In contrast, the cultural, recreational CES supply dimension had the highest scores in the city centre. Natural + cultural recreational CES supply was high in the areas where the previous models had the highest values (e.g., protected areas and the city centre). The natural + cultural recreational CES supply model was validated using an online survey. Recreational CES demand was the highest in the areas near the city centre. There was a mismatch between the natural recreational CES supply and recreational demand. Nevertheless, we identified a match between cultural recreational CES supply dimension, Natural + cultural recreational CES supply and recreation CES demand. All the studied parameters had a clustered pattern. The natural recreational CES supply dimension had a hot spot in the northern part of the city. In contrast, cultural recreational CES supply dimension, Natural + cultural recreational CES supply and recreational CES demand were clustered in the city centre. Overall, it is vital to preserve the areas with maximum natural recreation CES supply and limit the urban expansion in these areas. Also, it is essential to reduce the car traffic to the centre and improve public transport accessibility to increase air quality and the impact of pollutants on cultural heritage sites.
这项工作旨在绘制和评估维尔纽斯的娱乐文化生态系统服务（CES）的供给和需求。一个新的框架分别评估了自然娱乐 CES 供给和文化娱乐 CES 供给维度。到目前为止，以前的工作没有单独考虑这两个 CES 组件。此外，CES 模型的验证也很少且具有挑战性。本工作旨在绘制和评估自然娱乐供给 CES、文化娱乐供给 CES、自然+文化娱乐供给 CES 和文化娱乐需求 CES。结果表明，自然娱乐 CES 供给维度在保护区最高。相比之下，文化娱乐 CES 供给维度在市中心得分最高。自然+文化娱乐 CES 供给在以前模型值最高的区域（如保护区和市中心）较高。自然+文化娱乐 CES 供给模型使用在线调查进行了验证。娱乐 CES 需求在市中心附近的区域最高。自然娱乐 CES 供给与娱乐需求不匹配。然而，我们发现文化娱乐 CES 供给维度、自然+文化娱乐 CES 供给和娱乐 CES 需求之间存在匹配。所有研究的参数都具有聚类模式。自然娱乐 CES 供给维度在城市北部有一个热点。相比之下，文化娱乐 CES 供给维度、自然+文化娱乐 CES 供给和娱乐 CES 需求在市中心聚集。总体而言，保护具有最大自然娱乐 CES 供给的区域并限制这些区域的城市扩张至关重要。此外，减少到市中心的汽车交通并改善公共交通的可达性，以提高空气质量和污染物对文化遗产地的影响也很重要。
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