Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Cracow, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 25;23(11):5968. doi: 10.3390/ijms23115968.
Mental illness modeling is still a major challenge for scientists. Animal models of schizophrenia are essential to gain a better understanding of the disease etiopathology and mechanism of action of currently used antipsychotic drugs and help in the search for new and more effective therapies. We can distinguish among pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental models offering various neuroanatomical disorders and a different spectrum of symptoms of schizophrenia. Modeling schizophrenia is based on inducing damage or changes in the activity of relevant regions in the rodent brain (mainly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). Such artificially induced dysfunctions approximately correspond to the lesions found in patients with schizophrenia. However, notably, animal models of mental illness have numerous limitations and never fully reflect the disease state observed in humans.
精神疾病模型仍然是科学家面临的主要挑战。精神分裂症的动物模型对于更好地了解疾病的病因病理学和目前使用的抗精神病药物的作用机制以及帮助寻找新的、更有效的治疗方法至关重要。我们可以区分药理学、遗传学和神经发育模型，这些模型提供了各种神经解剖学障碍和不同的精神分裂症症状谱。精神分裂症的建模基于诱导啮齿动物大脑（主要是前额叶皮层和海马体）中相关区域的损伤或活动改变。这种人为诱导的功能障碍与精神分裂症患者中发现的病变大致相对应。然而，值得注意的是，精神疾病动物模型存在许多局限性，并且从未完全反映出在人类中观察到的疾病状态。
