Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 1;23(11):6208. doi: 10.3390/ijms23116208.
Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death caused by inflammasomes, which can detect cell cytosolic contamination or disturbance. In pyroptosis, caspase-1 or caspase-11/4/5 is activated, cleaving gasdermin D to separate its N-terminal pore-forming domain (PFD). The oligomerization of PFD forms macropores in the membrane, resulting in swelling and membrane rupture. According to the different mechanisms, pyroptosis can be divided into three types: canonical pathway-mediated pyroptosis, non-canonical pathway-mediated pyroptosis, and caspase-3-induced pyroptosis. Pyroptosis has been reported to play an important role in many tissues and organs, including the liver. Autophagy is a highly conserved process of the eukaryotic cell cycle. It plays an important role in cell survival and maintenance by degrading organelles, proteins and macromolecules in the cytoplasm. Therefore, the dysfunction of this process is involved in a variety of pathological processes. In recent years, autophagy and pyroptosis and their interactions have been proven to play an important role in various physiological and pathological processes, and have gradually attracted more and more attention to become a research hotspot. Therefore, this review summarized the role of autophagy and pyroptosis in liver disorders, and analyzed the related mechanism to provide a basis for future research.
细胞焦亡是由炎症小体引发的一种程序性细胞死亡，可以检测到细胞质的污染或紊乱。在细胞焦亡过程中，半胱天冬酶-1 或半胱天冬酶-11/4/5 被激活，切割并分离出 Gasdermin D 的 N 端孔形成域（PFD）。PFD 的寡聚化在膜上形成大孔，导致细胞肿胀和膜破裂。根据不同的机制，细胞焦亡可分为三种类型：经典途径介导的细胞焦亡、非经典途径介导的细胞焦亡和 caspase-3 诱导的细胞焦亡。细胞焦亡已被报道在许多组织和器官中发挥重要作用，包括肝脏。自噬是真核细胞周期中高度保守的过程。它通过降解细胞质中的细胞器、蛋白质和大分子物质，在细胞存活和维持中发挥重要作用。因此，该过程的功能障碍与多种病理过程有关。近年来，自噬和细胞焦亡及其相互作用已被证明在各种生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用，并逐渐引起越来越多的关注，成为研究热点。因此，本文总结了自噬和细胞焦亡在肝脏疾病中的作用，并分析了相关机制，为未来的研究提供了依据。
