Guo Dandan, Huang Shaohua, Zhu Yan
Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 May 27;12(11):1831. doi: 10.3390/nano12111831.
Rapid industrialization has resulted in serious heavy metal pollution. The removal of heavy metal ions from solutions is very important for environmental safety and human health. Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are artificial macromolecular materials with unique physical and chemical properties. Abundant amide bonds and amino functional groups provide them with a high affinity for heavy metal ions. Herein, PAMAM-functionalized adsorbents are reviewed in terms of different nanomaterial substrates. Approaches in which PAMAM is grafted onto the surfaces of substrates are described in detail. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of these adsorbents are also discussed. The effects of PAMAM generation, pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, thermodynamics, and ionic strength on adsorption performance are summarized. Adsorption mechanisms and the further functionalization of PAMAM-grafted adsorbents are reviewed. In addition to the positive results, existing problems are also put forward in order to provide a reference for the optimization of PAMAM-grafted adsorbents of heavy metal ions.
快速工业化导致了严重的重金属污染。从溶液中去除重金属离子对于环境安全和人类健康非常重要。聚（酰胺胺）（PAMAM）树枝状大分子是具有独特物理和化学性质的人工高分子材料。丰富的酰胺键和氨基官能团使它们对重金属离子具有高亲和力。在此，根据不同的纳米材料基质对PAMAM功能化吸附剂进行了综述。详细描述了将PAMAM接枝到基质表面的方法。还讨论了这些吸附剂的吸附等温线和动力学。总结了PAMAM代数、pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间、热力学和离子强度对吸附性能的影响。综述了PAMAM接枝吸附剂的吸附机理和进一步功能化。除了积极成果外，还提出了存在的问题，以便为优化重金属离子PAMAM接枝吸附剂提供参考。
