Bolaños-Villegas Pablo, Chen Fure-Chyi
Fabio Baudrit Agricultural Research Station, University of Costa Rica, La Garita District, Alajuela 20101, Costa Rica.
Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, Dulce Nombre District, Cartago 30109, Costa Rica.
Plants (Basel). 2022 May 27;11(11):1421. doi: 10.3390/plants11111421.
The orchid market is a dynamic horticultural business in which novelty and beauty command high prices. The two main interests are the development of flowers, from the miniature to the large and showy, and their fragrance. Overall organ size might be modified by doubling the chromosome number, which can be accomplished by careful study of meiotic chromosome disjunction in hybrids or species. Meiosis is the process in which diploid (2n) pollen mother cells recombine their DNA sequences and then undergo two rounds of division to give rise to four haploid (n) cells. Thus, by interfering in chromosome segregation, one can induce the development of diploid recombinant cells, called unreduced gametes. These unreduced gametes may be used for breeding polyploid progenies with enhanced fertility and large flower size. This review provides an overview of developments in orchid polyploidy breeding placed in the large context of meiotic chromosome segregation in the model plants and to facilitate molecular translational research and horticultural innovation.
兰花市场是一个充满活力的园艺产业，新奇和美观的兰花价格高昂。人们主要关注两个方面：一是培育从微型到大型且艳丽的花朵，二是花朵的香气。通过使染色体数目加倍，整体器官大小可能会发生改变，这可以通过仔细研究杂种或物种减数分裂时染色体的分离来实现。减数分裂是二倍体（2n）花粉母细胞重新组合其DNA序列，然后进行两轮分裂，产生四个单倍体（n）细胞的过程。因此，通过干扰染色体分离，可以诱导产生称为未减数配子的二倍体重组细胞的发育。这些未减数配子可用于培育具有更高育性和更大花朵尺寸的多倍体后代。本综述概述了兰花多倍体育种的进展，将其置于模式植物减数分裂染色体分离的大背景下，以促进分子转化研究和园艺创新。
