Schiavina Marcello, Melchiorri Michele, Freire Sergio, Florio Pietro, Ehrlich Daniele, Tommasi Pierpaolo, Pesaresi Martino, Kemper Thomas
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy.
Fincons Group, Via Torri Bianche, 10, I-20871, Vimercate, (MB), Italy.
Habitat Int. 2022 May;123:None. doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2022.102543.
The application of last-generation spatial data modelling, integrating Earth Observation, population, economic and other spatially explicit data, enables insights into the sustainability of the global urbanisation processes with unprecedented detail, consistency, and international comparability. In this study, the land use efficiency indicator, as developed in the Sustainable Development Goals, is assessed globally for the first time at the level of Functional Urban Areas (FUAs). Each FUA includes the city and its commuting zone as inferred from statistical modelling of available spatial data. FUAs represent the economic area of influence of each urban centre. Hence, the analysis of land consumption within their boundary has significance in the fields of spatial planning and policy analyses as well as many other research areas. We utilize the boundaries of more than 9,000 FUAs to estimate the land use efficiency between 1990 and 2015, by using population and built-up area data extracted from the Global Human Settlement Layer. This analysis shows how, in the observed period, FUAs in low-income countries of the Global South evolved with rates of population growth surpassing the ones of land consumption. However, in almost all regions of the globe, more than half of the FUAs improved their land use efficiency in recent years (2000-2015) with respect to the previous decade (1990-2000). Our study concludes that the spatial expansion of urban areas within FUA boundaries is reducing compactness of settlements, and that settlements located within FUAs do not display higher land use efficiency than those outside FUAs.
通过整合地球观测、人口、经济及其他空间明确数据的新一代空间数据建模应用，能够以前所未有的详细程度、一致性和国际可比性洞察全球城市化进程的可持续性。在本研究中，首次在功能城市区域（FUA）层面全球评估了可持续发展目标中制定的土地利用效率指标。每个FUA包括从可用空间数据的统计建模推断出的城市及其通勤区。FUA代表每个城市中心的经济影响区域。因此，分析其边界内的土地消耗在空间规划和政策分析以及许多其他研究领域具有重要意义。我们利用9000多个FUA的边界，通过使用从全球人类住区层提取的人口和建成区数据来估计1990年至2015年期间的土地利用效率。该分析表明，在观察期内，全球南方低收入国家的FUA如何随着人口增长率超过土地消耗率而演变。然而，在全球几乎所有地区，近年来（2000 - 2015年）超过一半的FUA相对于前十年（1990 - 2000年）提高了土地利用效率。我们的研究得出结论，FUA边界内城市区域的空间扩张正在降低住区的紧凑性，并且位于FUA内的住区土地利用效率并不高于FUA外的住区。
