5至16岁儿童超重和肥胖的各种风险因素

Various Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Children Aged 5-16 Years.

作者信息

Bekhwani Ajea Rani, Khan Mashal

机构信息

Department of Paediatric Medicine, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan.

出版信息

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2022 Jun;32(6):763-767. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2022.06.763.

DOI:10.29271/jcpsp.2022.06.763

PMID:35686409

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To determine the determinants of overweight and obesity among children aged 5-16 years.

STUDY DESIGN

Descriptive study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY

Emergency and Outpatient Department of National Institute of Child Health, from October 2020 till July 2021.

METHODOLOGY

All children of either gender ranged between 5 and 16 years were enrolled. Children with ≥85 and <95 percentile were labeled as overweight and ≥95 percentile as obese. Other determinants like physical factors, high screen time, and environmental factors were noted. Frequency and percentages were computed for gender, residence, overweight, obesity, and physical and environmental factors. Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to determine the median difference of quantitative variables between overweight/obese and healthy children. The comparison was done to see the association of the presence of overweight/obesity with respect to the baseline characteristics. Binary logistic regression analysis was also applied.

RESULTS

Of 184 children, 99 (53.8%) were males and 85 (46.2%) females. The median age was 9 (7-12) years. There were 25 (13.6%) overweight and 80 (43.5%) obese children. In combination, the frequency of overweight/obesity was found to be 105 (57.1%). After adjusting for other covariates, the odds of overweight and obesity were significantly higher for children with age ≤9 years (adjusted OR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.51-7.66) and male gender (adjusted OR: 3.95, 95% CI: 1.80-8.68). However, lower odds of overweight/obesity were observed among children with low physical activity at school (adjusted OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14-0.66) and low screen time (≤4 hours) (adjusted OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11-0.55).

CONCLUSION

Children aged 5 to 16 years had a much greater frequency of overweight and obesity. Factors such as younger age, male gender, lower physical activity, and high time screen have been demonstrated to contribute significantly.

KEY WORDS

Children, Obese, Overweight, Risk factors, Pakistan.

摘要

目的

确定5至16岁儿童超重和肥胖的决定因素。

研究设计

描述性研究。

研究地点和时间

2020年10月至2021年7月，国家儿童健康研究所急诊科和门诊部。

方法

纳入所有年龄在5至16岁的儿童。百分位数≥85且<95的儿童被标记为超重，百分位数≥95的儿童被标记为肥胖。记录其他决定因素，如身体因素、高屏幕使用时间和环境因素。计算性别、居住情况、超重、肥胖以及身体和环境因素的频率和百分比。应用曼-惠特尼U检验确定超重/肥胖儿童与健康儿童之间定量变量的中位数差异。进行比较以观察超重/肥胖的存在与基线特征之间的关联。还应用了二元逻辑回归分析。

结果

184名儿童中，99名（53.8%）为男性，85名（46.2%）为女性。中位年龄为9岁（7至12岁）。有25名（13.6%）超重儿童和80名（43.5%）肥胖儿童。超重/肥胖的总发生率为105名（57.1%）。在调整其他协变量后，年龄≤9岁的儿童超重和肥胖的几率显著更高（调整后的比值比：3.40，95%置信区间：1.51至7.66），男性儿童也是如此（调整后的比值比：3.95，95%置信区间：1.80至8.68）。然而，在学校身体活动少的儿童（调整后的比值比：0.31，95%置信区间：0.14至0.66）和屏幕使用时间短（≤4小时）的儿童中，超重/肥胖的几率较低（调整后的比值比：0.24，95%置信区间：0.11至0.55）。