Institute for Social Law, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium; CORe, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
Institute for Social Law, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium; Institute for Social Law and Leuven Institute of Criminology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2022 Jul-Aug;83:101807. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2022.101807. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
This contribution analyses the approach of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) to means of restraint in residential psychiatric and disability care. Generally, the CPT states that means of restraint can only be applied in cases of acute danger, and if all alternatives have failed. Detailed and strict conditions apply, including for the duration (usually minutes rather than hours). However, an analysis of the CPT's country reports shows that sometimes longer-term use is implicitly accepted, first to preventively maintain order and safety in a care facility and second, to protectively safeguard the interests of the patient. Based on country reports and general human rights principles, this contribution tries to provide the clearest possible picture of the conditions for applying means of restraint and the required legal guarantees in these cases. Nevertheless, many loose ends remain. To safeguard the rights of patients, it is desirable that the CPT is more explicit concerning means of restraint when there is no acute danger.
本项贡献分析了欧洲禁止酷刑和不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚委员会（CPT）对居住性精神科和残疾护理中约束手段的处理方法。一般来说，CPT 指出，约束手段只能在出现急性危险的情况下，并且在所有其他手段都失败的情况下使用。详细和严格的条件适用，包括持续时间（通常为分钟而不是小时）。然而，对 CPT 的国家报告的分析表明，有时会隐含地接受长期使用，首先是为了在护理机构中预防性地维持秩序和安全，其次是为了保护性地维护患者的利益。基于国家报告和一般人权原则，本项贡献试图尽可能清晰地说明在这些情况下适用约束手段的条件和所需的法律保障。然而，仍有许多未解决的问题。为了保护患者的权利，当不存在急性危险时，CPT 最好更明确地说明约束手段的使用。
