Human Factors and Ergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
Appl Ergon. 2022 Oct;104:103819. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103819. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
Despite the lack of haptic feedback, two-finger typing remains as a common freehand mid-air text entry method in VR. To compensate for this limitation, we investigated the effect of pseudo-haptics and thumb-to-finger pinch self-haptics. Three types of virtual keyboards were developed for comparison: a normal virtual keyboard without any haptic features, a pseudo-haptic keyboard providing a haptic illusion by adding pseudo-haptic features to the normal virtual keyboard, and a pinch keyboard providing passive self-haptic feedback when the index finger touches the thumb to type bubble-shaped keys. A follow-up user study was conducted on the three keyboards to measure typing performance, perceived workload, and user experience. The results showed that the pseudo-haptic and pinch keyboards were comparable to the normal one in typing performance and workload, but beneficial in user experience and preference. The findings suggest that pseudo-haptics and self-haptics could achieve experiential benefits in VR text entry without obtrusive extra devices.
尽管缺乏触觉反馈，但在 VR 中，两指打字仍然是一种常见的自由式空中文本输入方法。为了弥补这一限制，我们研究了伪触觉和拇指到手指捏合自触觉的效果。开发了三种类型的虚拟键盘进行比较：一种是没有任何触觉功能的普通虚拟键盘，另一种是通过向普通虚拟键盘添加伪触觉功能来提供触觉错觉的伪触觉键盘，还有一种是在使用索引手指触摸拇指打字时提供被动自触觉反馈的捏合键盘，用于输入气泡状键。对这三种键盘进行了后续的用户研究，以测量打字性能、感知工作量和用户体验。结果表明，在打字性能和工作负荷方面，伪触觉键盘和捏合键盘与普通键盘相当，但在用户体验和偏好方面更有优势。研究结果表明，在 VR 文本输入中，伪触觉和自触觉无需使用引人注目的额外设备即可实现体验优势。
