Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
Sensoryx AG, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Feb 1;23(3):1563. doi: 10.3390/s23031563.
We often interact with our environment through manual handling of objects and exploration of their properties. Object properties (OP), such as texture, stiffness, size, shape, temperature, weight, and orientation provide necessary information to successfully perform interactions. The human haptic perception system plays a key role in this. As virtual reality (VR) has been a growing field of interest with many applications, adding haptic feedback to virtual experiences is another step towards more realistic virtual interactions. However, integrating haptics in a realistic manner, requires complex technological solutions and actual user-testing in virtual environments (VEs) for verification. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent wearable haptic devices (HDs) categorized by the OP exploration for which they have been verified in a VE. We found 13 studies which specifically addressed user-testing of wearable HDs in healthy subjects. We map and discuss the different technological solutions for different OP exploration which are useful for the design of future haptic object interactions in VR, and provide future recommendations.
我们经常通过手动处理物体和探索其属性与环境进行交互。物体属性(OP),如纹理、硬度、大小、形状、温度、重量和方向,提供了成功进行交互所需的必要信息。人类触觉感知系统在此过程中起着关键作用。随着虚拟现实(VR)成为一个越来越受关注的领域,具有许多应用,为虚拟体验添加触觉反馈是朝着更真实的虚拟交互迈出的又一步。然而,以逼真的方式集成触觉需要复杂的技术解决方案,并在虚拟环境(VE)中进行实际的用户测试以进行验证。这篇综述提供了对最近的可穿戴触觉设备(HD)的全面概述,这些设备根据它们在 VE 中验证的 OP 探索进行了分类。我们发现了 13 项专门针对健康受试者的可穿戴 HD 用户测试的研究。我们为不同的 OP 探索映射和讨论了不同的技术解决方案,这些解决方案对于设计 VR 中的未来触觉物体交互很有用,并提供了未来的建议。
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