Sun Haosheng, Hobert Oliver
Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Jun;142:67-80. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.029. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
After the generation, differentiation and integration into functional circuitry, post-mitotic neurons continue to change certain phenotypic properties throughout postnatal juvenile stages until an animal has reached a fully mature state in adulthood. We will discuss such changes in the context of the nervous system of the nematode C. elegans, focusing on recent descriptions of anatomical and molecular changes that accompany postembryonic maturation of neurons. We summarize the characterization of genetic timer mechanisms that control these temporal transitions or maturational changes, and discuss that many but not all of these transitions relate to sexual maturation of the animal. We describe how temporal, spatial and sex-determination pathways are intertwined to sculpt the emergence of cell-type specific maturation events. Finally, we lay out several unresolved questions that should be addressed to move the field forward, both in C. elegans and in vertebrates.
在经历生成、分化并整合到功能回路后，有丝分裂后的神经元在出生后的幼年阶段会持续改变某些表型特性，直到动物成年达到完全成熟状态。我们将在线虫秀丽隐杆线虫的神经系统背景下讨论此类变化，重点关注伴随神经元胚胎后成熟的解剖学和分子变化的最新描述。我们总结了控制这些时间转换或成熟变化的遗传定时机制的特征，并讨论了许多但并非所有这些转换都与动物的性成熟有关。我们描述了时间、空间和性别决定途径如何相互交织，以塑造细胞类型特异性成熟事件的出现。最后，我们列出了几个未解决的问题，这些问题无论在秀丽隐杆线虫还是脊椎动物中都需要解决，以推动该领域的发展。
