Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Freeman Hrabowski Scholar, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
Trends Genet. 2024 Jun;40(6):480-494. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.03.006. Epub 2024 Apr 23.
Embryonic neurodevelopment, particularly neural progenitor differentiation into post-mitotic neurons, has been extensively studied. While the number and composition of post-mitotic neurons remain relatively constant from birth to adulthood, the brain undergoes significant postnatal maturation marked by major property changes frequently disrupted in neural diseases. This review first summarizes recent characterizations of the functional and molecular maturation of the postnatal nervous system. We then review regulatory mechanisms controlling the precise gene expression changes crucial for the intricate sequence of maturation events, highlighting experience-dependent versus cell-intrinsic genetic timer mechanisms. Despite significant advances in understanding of the gene-environmental regulation of postnatal neuronal maturation, many aspects remain unknown. The review concludes with our perspective on exciting future research directions in the next decade.
胚胎神经发育，特别是神经祖细胞分化为有丝分裂后神经元，已经得到了广泛的研究。虽然出生后到成年期的有丝分裂后神经元的数量和组成相对稳定，但大脑经历了显著的出生后成熟，其特征是主要性质发生变化，而这些变化在神经疾病中经常受到干扰。这篇综述首先总结了对出生后神经系统功能和分子成熟的最新描述。然后，我们回顾了控制精确基因表达变化的调控机制，这些变化对于成熟事件的复杂序列至关重要，重点介绍了依赖经验的遗传定时器机制与细胞内在遗传定时器机制。尽管在理解出生后神经元成熟的基因-环境调控方面取得了重大进展，但仍有许多方面尚不清楚。该综述最后总结了未来十年令人兴奋的研究方向。
