Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Allergy, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Allergol Int. 2022 Jul;71(3):288-293. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.04.002. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
Mast cells (MCs) are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, and their maturation is regulated by the tissue environment, such as the skin, lung and gut, leading to host defense. Peripheral nerve fibers located in various tissues are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Anatomical relationships between MCs and nerve fibers were reported to have been observed in various organs. Moreover, MCs are positive for a large number of receptors for classical neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine and corticotropin-releasing hormone) and neuropeptides (e.g., substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptides and hemokinin), and MC's functions are regulated by those nerve-derived factors. Also, histamine and proteases produced and released by MCs modulate nerve fiber functions. This functional cross-talk between MCs and nerve fibers can play physiological and pathological roles. MCs are key effector cells of allergic inflammation, such as atopic dermatitis, airway inflammation and food allergy. Here, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional and anatomical cross-talk between MCs and nerve fibers in allergic inflamed tissues.
肥大细胞（MCs）来源于骨髓中的造血干细胞，其成熟受组织微环境调控，如皮肤、肺和肠道，从而发挥宿主防御作用。分布于各种组织中的周围神经纤维参与多种生理和病理过程。已有研究报道，MCs 与神经纤维之间存在解剖关系，这种关系在各种器官中都有观察到。此外，MCs 表达大量经典神经递质（如乙酰胆碱和促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素）和神经肽（如 P 物质、降钙素基因相关肽和血啡肽）的受体，其功能受这些神经来源的因子调节。此外，MCs 产生和释放的组胺和蛋白酶调节神经纤维的功能。这种 MCs 和神经纤维之间的功能串扰可以发挥生理和病理作用。MCs 是过敏炎症的关键效应细胞，如特应性皮炎、气道炎症和食物过敏。在这里，我们总结和讨论了 MCs 和过敏炎症组织中神经纤维之间功能和解剖串扰的分子机制。
