Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Aug 1;15:1418897. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1418897. eCollection 2024.
Mast cells (MCs) are bone-marrow-derived haematopoietic cells that are widely distributed in human tissues. When activated, they will release tryptase, histamine and other mediators that play major roles in a diverse array of diseases/disorders, including allergies, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, cancers and even death. The multiple pathological effects of MCs have made their stabilizers a research hotspot for the treatment of related diseases. To date, the clinically available MC stabilizers are limited. Considering the rapidly increasing incidence rate and widespread prevalence of MC-related diseases, a comprehensive reference is needed for the clinicians or researchers to identify and choose efficacious MC stabilizers. This review analyzes the mechanism of MC activation, and summarizes the progress made so far in the development of MC stabilizers. MC stabilizers are classified by the action mechanism here, including acting on cell surface receptors, disturbing signal transduction pathways and interfering exocytosis systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the clinical applications and the future development direction of MC stabilizers.
肥大细胞（MCs）是骨髓来源的造血细胞，广泛分布于人体组织中。当被激活时，它们会释放胰蛋白酶、组胺和其他介质，这些介质在多种疾病/障碍中发挥主要作用，包括过敏、炎症、心血管疾病、自身免疫性疾病、癌症甚至死亡。MC 的多种病理作用使其稳定剂成为治疗相关疾病的研究热点。迄今为止，临床上可用的 MC 稳定剂有限。鉴于 MC 相关疾病的发病率和流行率迅速上升，临床医生或研究人员需要一个全面的参考资料来识别和选择有效的 MC 稳定剂。本综述分析了 MC 激活的机制，并总结了迄今为止 MC 稳定剂开发方面的进展。根据作用机制对 MC 稳定剂进行分类，包括作用于细胞表面受体、干扰信号转导途径和干扰胞吐系统。特别强调了 MC 稳定剂的临床应用和未来的发展方向。
