Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
Compañía Molinera del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 10;12(1):9629. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13563-w.
Exploring the genetic variability in yield and yield-related traits is essential to continue improving genetic gains. Fifty-nine Argentinian durum wheat cultivars were analyzed for important agronomic traits in three field experiments. The collection was genotyped with 3565 genome-wide SNPs and functional markers in order to determine the allelic variation at Rht-B1 and Ppd-A1 genes. Population structure analyses revealed the presence of three main groups, composed by old, modern and genotypes with European or CIMMYT ancestry. The photoperiod sensitivity Ppd-A1b allele showed higher frequency (75%) than the insensitivity one Ppd-A1a (GS105). The semi-dwarfism Rht-B1b and the Ppd-A1a (GS105) alleles were associated with increases in harvest index and decreases in plant height, grain protein content and earlier heading date, although only the varieties carrying the Rht-B1 variants showed differences in grain yield. Out of the two main yield components, grain number per plant was affected by allelic variants at Rht-B1 and Ppd-A1 loci, while no differences were observed in thousand kernel weight. The increases in grain number per spike associated with Rht-B1b were attributed to a higher grain number per spikelet, whereas Ppd-A1a (GS105) was associated with higher grain number per spikelet, but also with lower spikelets per spike.
探索产量和产量相关性状的遗传变异对于继续提高遗传增益至关重要。对 59 个阿根廷硬粒小麦品种在三个田间试验中进行了重要农艺性状分析。该群体使用 3565 个全基因组 SNP 和功能标记进行了基因型分析，以确定 Rht-B1 和 Ppd-A1 基因的等位变异。群体结构分析显示存在三个主要群体，由旧品种、现代品种和具有欧洲或 CIMMYT 血统的品种组成。光周期敏感性 Ppd-A1b 等位基因的频率（75%）高于不敏感的 Ppd-A1a（GS105）等位基因（75%）。半矮秆 Rht-B1b 和 Ppd-A1a（GS105）等位基因与收获指数增加和株高、籽粒蛋白质含量和抽穗期提前降低有关，尽管只有携带 Rht-B1 变异的品种在籽粒产量上表现出差异。在两个主要产量组成部分中，每个穗粒数受 Rht-B1 和 Ppd-A1 基因座的等位变异影响，而千粒重没有差异。与 Rht-B1b 相关的穗粒数增加归因于每个小穗粒数的增加，而 Ppd-A1a（GS105）与每个小穗粒数的增加有关，但也与每个穗的小穗数减少有关。
