Horváth Ádám, Kiss Tibor, Berki Zita, Horváth Ádám D, Balla Krisztina, Cseh András, Veisz Ottó, Karsai Ildikó
Agricultural Institute, Centre of Agriculture, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Martonvásár, Hungary.
Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger, Hungary.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Feb 8;13:1070410. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1070410. eCollection 2022.
The dynamics of plant development not only has an impact on ecological adaptation but also contributes to the realization of genetically determined yield potentials in various environments. Dissecting the genetic determinants of plant development becomes urgent due to the global climate change, which can seriously affect and even disrupt the locally adapted developmental patterns. In order to determine the role plant developmental loci played in local adaptation and yield formation, a panel of 188 winter and facultative wheat cultivars from diverse geographic locations were characterized with the 15K Illumina Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) chip and functional markers of several plant developmental genes and included into a multiseason field experiment. Genome-wide association analyses were conducted on five consecutive developmental phases spanning from the first node appearance to full heading together with various grain yield-related parameters. The panel was balanced for the photoperiod response gene, which facilitated the analyses in the two subsets of photoperiod-insensitive and -sensitive genotypes in addition to the complete panel. was the single highest source, explaining 12.1%-19.0% of the phenotypic variation in the successive developmental phases. In addition, 21 minor developmental loci were identified, each one explaining only small portions of the variance, but, together, their effects amounted to 16.6%-50.6% of phenotypic variance. Eight loci (2A_27, 2A_727, 4A_570, 5B_315, 5B_520, 6A_26, 7A_1-(), and 7B_732) were independent of . Seven loci were only detectable in the -insensitive genetic background (1A_539, 1B_487, 2D_649, 4A_9, 5A_584-(), 5B_571-(), and 7B_3-()), and six loci were only detectable in the sensitive background, specifically 2A_740, 2D_25, 3A_579, 3B_414, 7A_218, 7A_689, and 7B_538. The combination of insensitivity and sensitivity with the extremities of early or late alleles in the corresponding minor developmental loci resulted in significantly altered and distinct plant developmental patterns with detectable outcomes on some yield-related traits. This study examines the possible significance of the above results in ecological adaptation.
植物发育的动态变化不仅对生态适应有影响，而且有助于在各种环境中实现基因决定的产量潜力。由于全球气候变化可能严重影响甚至扰乱局部适应的发育模式，剖析植物发育的遗传决定因素变得刻不容缓。为了确定植物发育基因座在局部适应和产量形成中的作用，利用15K Illumina单核苷酸多态性（SNP）芯片以及几个植物发育基因的功能标记，对来自不同地理位置的188个冬性和兼性小麦品种进行了表征，并将其纳入一个多季田间试验。对从第一节出现到完全抽穗的连续五个发育阶段以及各种与籽粒产量相关的参数进行了全基因组关联分析。该群体在光周期反应基因方面是平衡的，这便于除了完整群体外，还对光周期不敏感和敏感基因型的两个亚组进行分析。是单一的最高来源，解释了连续发育阶段12.1%-19.0%的表型变异。此外，还鉴定出21个次要发育基因座，每个基因座仅解释一小部分变异，但它们的共同作用占表型变异的16.6%-50.6%。八个基因座（2A_27、2A_727、4A_570、5B_315、5B_520、6A_26、7A_1-()和7B_732）独立于。七个基因座仅在不敏感遗传背景（1A_539、1B_487、2D_649、4A_9、5A_584-()、5B_571-()和7B_3-()）中可检测到，六个基因座仅在敏感背景中可检测到，具体为2A_740、2D_25、3A_579、3B_414、7A_218、7A_689和7B_538。光周期不敏感和敏感与相应次要发育基因座中早或晚等位基因极端情况的组合导致显著改变和独特的植物发育模式，并对一些与产量相关的性状产生可检测的结果。本研究探讨了上述结果在生态适应中的可能意义。
