Ghent University, Belgium, Germany.
Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
Behav Res Methods. 2023 Jun;55(4):1558-1586. doi: 10.3758/s13428-022-01879-4. Epub 2022 Jun 10.
The Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) is used in many areas of psychological science based on the assumption that it not only taps into attitudes and biases but does so without a person's awareness. Across eight preregistered studies (N = 1603) plus meta-analyses, we reexamined the 'implicitness' of AMP effects, and in particular, the idea that people are unaware of the prime's influence on their evaluations. Results indicated that AMP effects and their predictive validity are primarily moderated by a subset of influence-aware trials (within individuals), and high rates of influence awareness (between individuals). Interestingly, an individual's influence-awareness rate on one AMP predicted how they performed on an earlier AMP, even when the two assessed different attitude domains. Taken together, our results suggest that AMP effects are not implicit in the way that has been claimed, a finding that has implications for the procedure, past findings, and theory. All materials and data are available at osf.io/gv7cm.
情感误导程序（AMP）在心理学科学的许多领域都有应用，其假设是它不仅可以揭示态度和偏见，而且是在人们没有意识到的情况下进行的。在八项预先注册的研究（N=1603）和荟萃分析中，我们重新检验了 AMP 效应的“内隐性”，特别是人们没有意识到启动对他们评估的影响的观点。结果表明，AMP 效应及其预测有效性主要受到一组有意识影响的试验（个体内）的调节，以及高比例的影响意识（个体间）。有趣的是，一个人在一个 AMP 上的影响意识率可以预测他们在之前的 AMP 上的表现，即使这两个 AMP 评估的是不同的态度领域。总之，我们的结果表明，AMP 效应并不像之前声称的那样具有内隐性，这一发现对该程序、过去的发现和理论都有影响。所有材料和数据均可在 osf.io/gv7cm 上获得。
