Forensic Chemistry Section, Dallas County Southwestern Institute of Forensic Sciences, 2355 N. Stemmons Fwy, Dallas, TX 75207, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2022 Oct 14;46(8):891-898. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkac035.
Presented are phencyclidine (PCP)-positive cases received by the Toxicology Laboratory at the Southwestern Institute of Forensic Sciences from local law enforcement agencies and the Office of the Medical Examiner (OME) between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020. Of the 43,940 requests for testing received during that time, 898 (2.04%) were positive for PCP. These cases were evaluated for PCP concentration, additional/concurrently reported drug concentrations and demographics. For ME cases, the cause and manner of death were also evaluated. Although the number of requests received by the Toxicology Laboratory increased each year, the percentage positive for PCP remained consistent. Subjects ranged from 18 to 71 years old (median 48 years) and were predominantly black (94.19%) and male (78.49%). PCP concentrations for all case types ranged from 0.02 to 2.33 mg/L (median 0.05 mg/L); driving while intoxicated (DWI) cases ranged from 0.02 to 0.14 mg/L (median 0.04 mg/L) and ME cases ranged from 0.02 to 2.33 mg/L (median 0.13 mg/L). In addition to PCP, one or more drug(s) or metabolite(s) was identified concurrently in 69.49% of cases. Cannabinoids were the most frequently detected (39.8%), followed by cocaine and its metabolites (22.0%) and ethanol (18.5%). Results were similar when comparing the additional drugs reported in ME and DWI cases. PCP concentrations in ME samples were generally higher, especially for stimulant drugs. Of the 264 ME cases positive for PCP, the manner of death was determined to be an accident for the majority of cases (62.54%), and the most common cause of death was drug toxicity (35.61%). The results from this study facilitate comparison of laboratory- or region-specific data sets, help determine whether laboratory scopes meet testing needs, contribute to reference ranges and provide the foundation for well-informed policy decisions.
呈现的是 2015 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日期间，西南政法大学司法鉴定所毒理学实验室从当地执法机构和法医办公室（OME）收到的苯环已哌啶（PCP）阳性病例。在此期间，收到的 43940 份检测请求中，有 898 份（2.04%）对 PCP 呈阳性。对这些病例进行了 PCP 浓度、其他/同时报告的药物浓度和人口统计学评估。对于法医案例，还评估了死因和死亡方式。尽管毒理学实验室收到的请求数量逐年增加，但 PCP 的阳性率保持不变。受试者年龄在 18 至 71 岁之间（中位数为 48 岁），主要为黑人（94.19%）和男性（78.49%）。所有病例类型的 PCP 浓度范围为 0.02 至 2.33 毫克/升（中位数为 0.05 毫克/升）；醉酒驾车（DWI）病例浓度范围为 0.02 至 0.14 毫克/升（中位数为 0.04 毫克/升），法医案例浓度范围为 0.02 至 2.33 毫克/升（中位数为 0.13 毫克/升）。除 PCP 外，69.49%的病例同时检测到一种或多种药物或代谢物。大麻素的检测频率最高（39.8%），其次是可卡因及其代谢物（22.0%）和乙醇（18.5%）。在比较法医和 DWI 案例中报告的其他药物时，结果相似。法医样本中的 PCP 浓度通常较高，特别是对于兴奋剂药物。在 264 例 PCP 阳性的法医案例中，大多数案例的死亡方式被确定为意外（62.54%），最常见的死因是药物毒性（35.61%）。这项研究的结果有助于比较实验室或地区特定的数据集，帮助确定实验室的范围是否满足测试需求，有助于参考范围的建立，并为明智的政策决策提供基础。
