School of Water Resource and Environmental, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Oct;213:113533. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113533. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
The growing global demand for non-ferrous metals has led to serious environmental issues involving uncovered mine site slag dumps that threaten the surrounding soils, surface waters, groundwater, and the atmosphere. Remediation of these slags using substitute cement materials for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and precursors for alkali-activated materials (AAMs) can convert hazardous solid wastes into valuable construction materials, as well as to attain the desired solidification and stabilization (S/S) of heavy metal(loid)s (HM). This review discusses the current research on the effect of non-ferrous slags on the reaction mechanisms of the OPC and AAM. The S/S of HM from the non-ferrous slags in AAM and OPC is also reviewed. HM can be stabilized in these materials based on the complex salt effect and isomorphic effects. The major challenges faced in AAMs and OPC for HM stabilization include the long-term durability of the matrix (e.g., sulfate attack, stability of volume). The existing knowledge gaps and future trends for the sustainable application of non-ferrous slags are also discussed.
全球对有色金属的需求不断增长，导致了严重的环境问题，涉及未覆盖的矿山渣堆，这些渣堆威胁着周围的土壤、地表水、地下水和大气。使用普通波特兰水泥 (OPC) 的替代水泥材料和碱激活材料 (AAM) 的前体来修复这些炉渣，可以将危险的固体废物转化为有价值的建筑材料，并实现重金属 (HM) 的预期固化和稳定化 (S/S)。本综述讨论了当前关于有色金属渣对 OPC 和 AAM 反应机制影响的研究。还综述了 AAM 和 OPC 中有色金属渣中 HM 的 S/S。HM 可以基于复杂盐效应和同晶效应稳定在这些材料中。在 AAMs 和 OPC 中稳定 HM 所面临的主要挑战包括基质的长期耐久性（例如硫酸盐侵蚀、体积稳定性）。还讨论了有色金属渣可持续应用的现有知识差距和未来趋势。
