Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), a Karl Landsteiner Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna 1140 Austria.
Ageing Res Rev. 2022 Aug;79:101664. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101664. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and surgery is the only option to treat the disease. Although the surgery is considered to be relatively safe, complications may occur in a subset of patients and access to ophthalmic care may be limited. Due to a growing and ageing population, an increase in cataract prevalence is expected and its management will become a socioeconomic challenge. Hence, there is a need for an alternative to cataract surgery. It is well known that oxidative stress is one of the main pathological processes leading to the generation of the disease. Antioxidant supplementation may, therefore, be a strategy to delay or to prevent the progression of cataract. Caffeine is a widely consumed high-potency antioxidant and may be of interest for the prevention of the disease. This review aims to give an overview of the anatomy and function of the lens, its antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) composition, and the role of oxidative stress in cataractogenesis. Also, the pharmacokinetics and -dynamics of caffeine will be described and the literature will be reviewed to give an overview of its anti-cataract potential and its possible role in the prevention of the disease.
白内障是全球致盲的主要原因，手术是治疗该病的唯一选择。尽管手术被认为相对安全，但一部分患者可能会出现并发症，并且获得眼科护理的机会可能有限。由于人口不断增长和老龄化，预计白内障的患病率将会增加，其管理将成为一个社会经济挑战。因此，需要一种替代白内障手术的方法。众所周知，氧化应激是导致疾病发生的主要病理过程之一。因此，抗氧化剂补充可能是一种延缓或预防白内障进展的策略。咖啡因是一种广泛消费的高效抗氧化剂，可能对预防该疾病具有重要意义。本综述旨在概述晶状体的解剖结构和功能、其抗氧化剂和活性氧（ROS）组成，以及氧化应激在白内障发生中的作用。还将描述咖啡因的药代动力学和药效动力学，并回顾相关文献，概述其抗白内障潜力及其在预防疾病中的可能作用。
