National Research & Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucureşti No. 1, 077015, Baloteşti, Ilfov, Romania.
Research-Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, 207170, Dăbuleni, Dolj, Romania.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 11;12(1):9685. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13611-5.
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet containing untreated cowpea (CWP; Aura 26 variety) seeds as a protein source on quality parameters of chickens' breast (PM; Pectoralis major) and thigh muscles (BF; Biceps femoris). A total of 240 Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to two groups: a control group fed with soybean meal (SBM) and an experimental group fed with CWP included at 200 g/kg as a replacement of SBM. Each group consisted of six pens as replicates, with 20 chicks per pen. At 6 weeks of age, twelve birds/group were slaughtered. Compared to SBM group, the group fed CWP had higher (P < 0.0001) lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values of PM and BF muscles, the latter had also higher yellowness (b*, P < 0.0001). The collagen and protein contents were significantly higher in CWP group in both PM and BF muscles, while fat was lower (P < 0.001) only in BF muscle. The use of CWP into broilers' diets did not negatively impact the textural properties, i.e., hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of PM and BF, showing similar values in both groups. Also, PM and BF muscles of birds fed CWP had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of C:18:3n-3 and C:20:5n-3 compared with birds fed SBM. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was significantly lower in CWP group (11.72 and 7.00) compared to SBM (13.47 and 12.63) for both PM and BF muscles. These results indicate that CWP can be considered a promising protein source for broiler chickens' feed.
本研究旨在评估以未处理的豇豆（CWP；Aura 26 品种）种子作为蛋白质来源的饮食对鸡胸脯肉（PM；Pectoralis major）和大腿肉（BF；Biceps femoris）质量参数的影响。将 240 只罗斯 308 肉鸡随机分为两组：对照组饲喂豆粕（SBM），实验组用 CWP 替代 200 g/kg 的 SBM。每组分为 6 个重复栏，每个栏 20 只鸡。在 6 周龄时，每组宰杀 12 只鸡。与 SBM 组相比，饲喂 CWP 的组 PM 和 BF 肌肉的亮度（L*）和红色度（a*）更高（P < 0.0001），后者的黄色度（b*）也更高（P < 0.0001）。CWP 组 PM 和 BF 肌肉的胶原蛋白和蛋白质含量显著更高，而脂肪含量更低（P < 0.001），仅 BF 肌肉中脂肪含量降低。在肉鸡日粮中使用 CWP 不会对 PM 和 BF 肌肉的质地特性（硬度、粘性、内聚性、弹性、胶粘性、咀嚼性和恢复性）产生负面影响，两组的质地特性值相似。此外，饲喂 CWP 的鸡的 PM 和 BF 肌肉中的 C:18:3n-3 和 C:20:5n-3 水平显著更高（P < 0.05），而 SBM 组的鸡的 PM 和 BF 肌肉中的 C:18:3n-3 和 C:20:5n-3 水平显著更高（P < 0.05）。与 SBM 相比，CWP 组的 n-6/n-3 PUFA 比值显著更低（PM 和 BF 肌肉分别为 11.72 和 7.00）。这些结果表明，CWP 可以被认为是肉鸡饲料的一种有前途的蛋白质来源。
