Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Carbohydr Res. 2022 Sep;519:108598. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108598. Epub 2022 Jun 1.
Sialic acids have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and immune evasion in diverse human malignancies. Sialylation of terminal glycans on cell surface and secreted glycoproteins is a long-recognized feature of cancer cells. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has tremendously improved the outcomes of patients with various cancers. However, available immunotherapy approaches have had limited efficacy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sialic acid modified glycoproteins in prostate cancers and their interaction with Siglec receptors on tumor infiltrating immune cells might underlie immunosuppressive signaling in prostate cancer. Here, we summarize the function of sialic acids and relevant glycosynthetic enzymes in cancer initiation and progression. We also discuss the possible uses of sialic acids as biomarkers in prostate cancer and the potential methods for targeting Siglec-sialic acid interactions for prostate cancer treatment.
唾液酸在多种人类恶性肿瘤的发生、发展和免疫逃逸中起作用。细胞表面和分泌型糖蛋白末端糖基的唾液酸化是癌细胞的一个公认特征。最近，免疫检查点抑制剂免疫疗法极大地改善了各种癌症患者的预后。然而，现有的免疫疗法在转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌中的疗效有限。前列腺癌中唾液酸化修饰的糖蛋白及其与肿瘤浸润免疫细胞上的 Siglec 受体的相互作用可能是前列腺癌中免疫抑制信号的基础。在这里，我们总结了唾液酸及其相关糖合成酶在癌症发生和发展中的作用。我们还讨论了将唾液酸作为前列腺癌生物标志物的可能用途，以及针对 Siglec-唾液酸相互作用治疗前列腺癌的潜在方法。
