Applied Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.
Lipidome Lab Co., Ltd.
J Oleo Sci. 2022 Jul 1;71(7):947-957. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess21449. Epub 2022 Jun 10.
Precision nutrition, also referred to as personalized nutrition, focuses on the individual to determine the individual's most effective eating plan to prevent or treat disease. A precision nutrition for infants requires the determination of the profile of human milk. We compared the lipid profiles of the foremilk (i.e., the initial milk of a breastfeed) and hindmilk (the last milk) of six Japanese subjects and evaluated whether a human milk lipid profile is useful for precision nutrition even though the fat concentration fluctuates during lactation. We detected and quantified 527 species with a lipidome analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The fat concentration in hindmilk (120.6 ± 66.7 μmol/mL) was significantly higher than that in foremilk (68.6 ± 33.3 μmol/mL). While the total carbon number of fatty acids in triglyceride (TG) was highest in C52 for all subjects, the second or third number differed among the subjects. Both the distribution of total carbon number of fatty acids included in TG and the distribution of fatty acids in TG classified by the number of double bonds were almost the same in the foremilk and hindmilk in each subject. The lipids levels containing docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in total lipids of the foremilk and the hindmilk were almost the same in each subject. Among the sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids, the level of sphingomyelin was the highest in four subjects' milk, and phosphatidylcholine was the highest in the other two subjects' milk. The order of their major species was the same in each foremilk and hindmilk. A clustering heatmap revealed the differences between foremilk and hindmilk in the same subject were smaller than the differences among individuals. Our analyses indicate that a human-milk lipid profile reflects individual characteristics and is a worthwhile focus for precision nutrition.
精准营养，也称为个性化营养，侧重于个体，以确定个体最有效的饮食计划，以预防或治疗疾病。婴儿的精准营养需要确定人乳的特征。我们比较了六位日本受试者的前奶（即母乳喂养的初始奶）和后奶（最后一次奶）的脂质谱，并评估了即使在哺乳期脂肪浓度波动的情况下，人乳脂质谱是否对精准营养有用。我们通过液相色谱-串联质谱法的脂质组分析检测和定量了 527 种物质。后奶（120.6 ± 66.7 μmol/mL）中的脂肪浓度明显高于前奶（68.6 ± 33.3 μmol/mL）。虽然所有受试者的甘油三酯（TG）中脂肪酸的总碳原子数以 C52 最高，但第二或第三个数字在受试者之间有所不同。在前奶和后奶中，每个受试者 TG 中包含的脂肪酸的总碳原子数分布以及根据双键数分类的 TG 中脂肪酸的分布几乎相同。前奶和后奶中总脂质中含有的二十二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸的脂质水平在每个受试者中几乎相同。在鞘脂和甘油磷脂中，四种受试者的牛奶中鞘磷脂水平最高，另外两种受试者的牛奶中磷脂酰胆碱水平最高。它们的主要种类在每个前奶和后奶中的顺序相同。聚类热图显示同一受试者的前奶和后奶之间的差异小于个体之间的差异。我们的分析表明，人乳脂质谱反映了个体特征，是精准营养的一个值得关注的焦点。
