Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States.
Front Immunol. 2022 May 26;13:886810. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886810. eCollection 2022.
is an obligate intracellular bacterium which, in humans, causes the disease Q fever. Although Q fever is most often a mild, self-limiting respiratory disease, it can cause a range of severe syndromes including hepatitis, myocarditis, spontaneous abortion, chronic valvular endocarditis, and Q fever fatigue syndrome. This agent is endemic worldwide, except for New Zealand and Antarctica, transmitted aerosols, persists in the environment for long periods, and is maintained through persistent infections in domestic livestock. Because of this, elimination of this bacterium is extremely challenging and vaccination is considered the best strategy for prevention of infection in humans. Many vaccines against have been developed, however, only a formalin-inactivated, whole cell vaccine derived from virulent is currently licensed for use in humans. Unfortunately, widespread use of this whole cell vaccine is impaired due to the severity of reactogenic responses associated with it. This reactogenicity continues to be a major barrier to access to preventative vaccines against and the pathogenesis of this remains only partially understood. This review provides an overview of past and current research on vaccines, our knowledge of immunogenicity and reactogenicity in vaccines, and future strategies to improve the safety of vaccines against .
它是一种专性细胞内细菌，在人类中引起 Q 热。尽管 Q 热通常是一种轻微的、自限性的呼吸道疾病，但它可引起一系列严重综合征，包括肝炎、心肌炎、自发性流产、慢性瓣膜性心内膜炎和 Q 热疲劳综合征。该病原体在全球流行，除新西兰和南极洲外，通过气溶胶传播，在环境中持续存在很长时间，并通过家畜的持续感染得以维持。因此，消除这种细菌极具挑战性，接种疫苗被认为是预防人类感染的最佳策略。已经开发出许多针对的疫苗，但是，目前仅有一种源自强毒力的甲醛灭活全细胞疫苗被许可用于人类。不幸的是，由于与之相关的严重反应原性反应，这种全细胞疫苗的广泛使用受到了阻碍。这种反应原性仍然是获得针对的预防性疫苗的主要障碍，其发病机制仅部分得到了解。本综述概述了过去和当前针对的疫苗研究、我们对疫苗免疫原性和反应原性的了解，以及未来改善针对疫苗安全性的策略。
