Nicholson Gareth, Jongerius Nils, Tucker Catherine B, Thomas Aaron, Merlino Stéphane, Bissas Athanassios
Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.
European School of Physiotherapy, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Sports Act Living. 2022 May 25;4:873526. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.873526. eCollection 2022.
Hip-shoulder separation (H-S) has been widely researched in many sporting activities (e.g., golf) to provide information on the contribution of torso rotation to performance and injury. Although it is necessary for high jumpers to generate significant long-axis rotation to successfully clear the bar, limited information exists on H-S for high jump athletes. As such, this study aimed to (a) characterize the H-S of world-class high jump athletes during competition, (b) determine if differences exist between male and female athletes and (c) to examine the relationship between H-S and the biomechanical parameters used to describe high jump technique. Twenty-nine world-class high jumpers (17 males, 12 females) were video recorded (frame rate: 120-200 Hz) during the 2017 and 2018 World Athletics Championship finals. H-S was quantified at touchdown (TD) and take-off (TO) following manual digitizing (SIMI motion) and a number of other common biomechanical parameters were computed. The observed levels of H-S at TD (-46±12°) and TO (16 ±11°) were in line with those reported previously for other sports. The magnitude of H-S varied between individuals and showed significant associations with other approach and take-off characteristics. Significant differences in H-S were not evident between male and female athletes despite significant differences in other performance- and technique-related parameters. These findings highlight the divergent take-off characteristics of world-class performers and their reliance on hip-shoulder interactions when generating long axis rotation. Coaches should be mindful of the mechanical and physical consequences of H-S when developing technical models, conditioning interventions and coaching strategies.
髋-肩分离（H-S）在许多体育活动（如高尔夫）中已得到广泛研究，以提供有关躯干旋转对运动表现和损伤影响的信息。尽管跳高运动员需要产生显著的长轴旋转才能成功越过横杆，但关于跳高运动员H-S的信息却很有限。因此，本研究旨在：（a）描述世界级跳高运动员在比赛中的H-S特征；（b）确定男女运动员之间是否存在差异；（c）研究H-S与用于描述跳高技术的生物力学参数之间的关系。在2017年和2018年世界田径锦标赛决赛期间，对29名世界级跳高运动员（17名男性，12名女性）进行了视频录制（帧率：120-200Hz）。通过手动数字化（SIMI motion）对触地（TD）和起跳（TO）时的H-S进行量化，并计算了一些其他常见的生物力学参数。在TD（-46±12°）和TO（16±11°）时观察到的H-S水平与之前其他运动项目报道的水平一致。H-S的大小因人而异，并与其他助跑和起跳特征显著相关。尽管在其他与运动表现和技术相关的参数上存在显著差异，但男女运动员之间的H-S差异并不明显。这些发现突出了世界级运动员不同的起跳特征以及他们在产生长轴旋转时对髋-肩相互作用的依赖。教练在制定技术模型、训练干预措施和指导策略时，应注意H-S的力学和身体影响。
