Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Business Economics, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Sep;69(5):e2779-e2788. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14629. Epub 2022 Jun 29.
Successful prevention of epidemics depends on implementation of control measures, including vaccine compliance and maintenance of high vaccination coverage for long periods. However, to the best of our knowledge, a study of the temporal dynamics of compliance in voluntary vaccination campaigns and of the factors which influence them was never published. In this study, we investigated the factors influencing the dynamics of vaccination compliance against lumpy skin disease (LSD) after the occurrence of LSD epidemics in Israel in 2012-2013 and 2019. From 2016 to 2019, we followed voluntary LSD annual vaccination among a cohort of 566 farmers and used questionnaires based on the theory of planned behaviour to investigate the incentives influencing vaccine compliance among 90 farmers. The results showed a reduction in vaccination against LSD from 61% in 2016 to 27% in 2019 and a very strong association between prior vaccination and vaccination compliance. The actual vaccination by farmers who stated a positive intention to vaccinate was 4.5 times higher than farmers who did not (p-value = .007). However, half of the highly intended farmers eventually did not vaccinate their herd. These farmers were significantly more concerned by manpower and vaccine price compared to their vaccinating counterparts, pointing to vaccination effort perceptions as a major factor influencing compliance. In addition, we found that farmers who answered the questionnaires before the LSD epidemic of 2019 perceived significantly less pressure to vaccinate imposed by veterinary organizations (private and governmental) than farmers answering them during or after the epidemic. We conclude that the veterinarian-associated social pressure is a major compliance-enhancing factor, influenced by the occurrence of an epidemic. Our findings suggest that the deterioration of vaccination compliance after an epidemic can be mitigated by maintenance of pressure to vaccinate by veterinarians. Manpower support and vaccine discounts may be advocated to promote vaccine compliance.
成功预防传染病取决于控制措施的实施，包括疫苗接种率和长期保持高疫苗接种率。然而，据我们所知，从未有研究发表过关于自愿疫苗接种活动中接种合规性的时间动态及其影响因素的研究。在这项研究中，我们调查了 2012-2013 年和 2019 年以色列块状皮肤病 (LSD) 疫情后影响 LSD 疫苗接种合规性动态的因素。2016 年至 2019 年，我们对 566 名农民进行了 LSD 年度自愿疫苗接种，并使用基于计划行为理论的问卷调查了 90 名农民的疫苗接种激励因素。结果显示，LSD 疫苗接种率从 2016 年的 61%降至 2019 年的 27%，且既往接种与接种合规性呈强相关。那些表示有接种意愿的农民实际接种率比没有接种意愿的农民高 4.5 倍（p 值=.007）。然而，一半有强烈接种意愿的农民最终并未为其畜群接种疫苗。这些农民对人力和疫苗价格的关注度明显高于接种疫苗的农民，这表明疫苗接种工作认知是影响合规性的一个主要因素。此外，我们发现，与在 LSD 疫情期间或之后回答问卷的农民相比，在 2019 年 LSD 疫情前回答问卷的农民认为兽医组织（私人和政府）施加的疫苗接种压力显著较小。我们得出结论，兽医相关的社会压力是一个主要的增强合规性的因素，受疫情的影响。我们的研究结果表明，通过兽医持续施加疫苗接种压力，可以减轻疫情后疫苗接种合规性的恶化。可以提倡提供人力支持和疫苗折扣来提高疫苗接种率。
