Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Laboratory for Industrial Engineering, Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lemgo, Germany.
Work. 2022;72(4):1563-1575. doi: 10.3233/WOR-211243.
Errors can have dangerous consequences, resulting in a preventive strategy in most company-based technical vocational education and training (TVET). On the contrary, errors provide a useful opportunity for learning due to mismatches of mental models and reality and especially to improve occupational safety and health (OSH).
This article presents a didactic concept for developing a learning system based on learning from errors. Learners shall directly experience the consequences of erroneous actions through presenting error consequences in augmented reality to avoid negative, dangerous, or cost-intensive outcomes.
Empirical data prove errors to be particularly effective in TVET. A formal description of a work system is systematically adopted to outline a connection between work, errors concerning OSH, and a didactic concept. A proof-of-concept systematically performs a use case for the developed learning system. It supports critical reflections from a technical, safety, and didactical perspective, naming implications and limitations.
By learning from errors, a work-based didactic concept supports OSH competencies relying on a learning system. The latter integrates digital twins of the work system to simulate and visualise dangerous error consequences for identified erroneous actions in a technical proof-of-concept. Results demonstrate the ability to detect action errors in work processes and simulations of error consequences in augmented reality.
The technical learning system for OSH education extends existing learning approaches by showcasing virtual consequences. However, capabilities are limited regarding prepared learning scenarios with predefined critical errors. Future studies should assess learning effectiveness in an industrial scenario and investigate its usability.
错误可能会带来危险的后果，因此大多数基于公司的技术职业教育和培训（TVET）都采用了预防策略。相反，由于心理模型与现实之间的不匹配，错误为学习提供了一个有用的机会，尤其是为了提高职业安全与健康（OSH）。
本文提出了一个基于从错误中学习的教学概念，用于开发学习系统。通过在增强现实中呈现错误后果，学习者可以直接体验错误行为的后果，从而避免负面的、危险的或成本高昂的结果。
实证数据证明错误在 TVET 中特别有效。系统地采用工作系统的形式描述来概述工作、与 OSH 相关的错误以及教学概念之间的联系。一个概念验证系统针对开发的学习系统执行用例。它从技术、安全和教学角度进行批判性反思，指出影响和局限性。
通过从错误中学习，基于工作的教学概念支持依赖学习系统的 OSH 能力。后者整合了工作系统的数字孪生，以在技术概念验证中模拟和可视化识别出的错误行为的危险错误后果。结果表明能够检测工作流程中的操作错误以及增强现实中的错误后果模拟。
该 OSH 教育的技术学习系统通过展示虚拟后果扩展了现有的学习方法。然而，在具有预定义关键错误的准备学习场景方面，其能力有限。未来的研究应在工业场景中评估学习效果，并研究其可用性。
