Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India; Department of Botany, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar 741101, West Bengal, India.
Molecular & Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Botany Department, University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700019, West Bengal, India.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2022;24(5):73-83. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2022043758.
At present, wild edible mushrooms have attracted considerable interest for their applications in the treatment of degenerative diseases, even though the majority of members have yet to be fully described. In this regard, our team has recently discovered a new macrofungus, Russula pseudocyanoxantha Paloi, K. Acharya & S. Khatua, from tribal cuisine that has long been valued for its health-promoting effects. However, the traditional wisdom remains confined to inhabiting forest dwellers, as the species is not being purchased in the outskirts due to a lack of awareness. This background inspired us to carry out a thorough investigation; thus, the goal of the present study was to explore R. pseudocyanoxantha chemically and pharmacologically using ethanol as the extractant solvent. Metabolite profiling demonstrated enrichment of the fraction with a range of phenolics (5.58 μg of gallic acid equivalents/mg of extract) such as chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid, quercetin, cinnamic acid, and pyrogallol. The presence of flavonoid (4.07 μg of quercetin extracts/mg of extract), β-carotene (0.04 μg/mg of extract), lycopene (0.02 μg/mg of extract), and ascorbic acid (2.34 μg/mg of extract) was also evident. Conversely, notable antioxidant activity was perceived in terms of DPPH· scavenging, ABTS·+ quenching, and Fe2+ chelating ability where half maximal effective concentration EC50 values ranged from 776 to 1357 μg/mL. In addition, the extract possessed good antibacterial properties, particularly against Gram-positive microorganisms (Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus), as evident by low minimum inhibitory concentration data (72-280.5 μg/mL). In addition, a noteworthy antiproliferative effect was also observed as the preparation inhibited Hep3B cell proliferation (IG50 of 481.59 μg/mL), suppressed cell migration, caused nuclear condensation, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, and triggered reactive oxygen species production, indicating involvement of mitochondria-mediated pathway. Thus, the present study showcases R. pseudocyanoxantha as a value-added mushroom that can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical fields.
目前，野生食用菌因其在治疗退行性疾病方面的应用而引起了相当大的关注，尽管大多数成员尚未得到充分描述。在这方面，我们的团队最近从部落菜肴中发现了一种新的大型真菌，Russula pseudocyanoxantha Paloi、K. Acharya 和 S. Khatua，这种真菌长期以来因其促进健康的功效而受到重视。然而，传统智慧仍然局限于居住在森林中的人，因为由于缺乏意识，该物种在郊区没有被购买。这一背景激发了我们进行全面调查；因此，本研究的目的是使用乙醇作为提取溶剂，从化学和药理学角度研究 R. pseudocyanoxantha。代谢产物分析表明，该部分富含多种酚类物质（5.58 μg 没食子酸当量/毫克提取物），如绿原酸、对香豆酸、水杨酸、槲皮素、肉桂酸和焦儿茶酚。还存在类黄酮（4.07 μg 槲皮素提取物/毫克提取物）、β-胡萝卜素（0.04 μg/毫克提取物）、番茄红素（0.02 μg/毫克提取物）和抗坏血酸（2.34 μg/毫克提取物）。此外，在 DPPH·清除、ABTS·+淬灭和 Fe2+螯合能力方面，也表现出明显的抗氧化活性，半数最大有效浓度 EC50 值范围为 776 至 1357 μg/mL。此外，该提取物具有良好的抗菌性能，特别是对革兰氏阳性微生物（单核细胞增生李斯特菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌），最低抑菌浓度数据较低（72-280.5 μg/mL）。此外，还观察到了显著的抗增殖作用，因为该制剂抑制 Hep3B 细胞增殖（IG50 为 481.59 μg/mL），抑制细胞迁移，导致核浓缩，改变线粒体膜电位，并引发活性氧物质的产生，表明涉及线粒体介导的途径。因此，本研究展示了 R. pseudocyanoxantha 作为一种有附加值的蘑菇，可以用于食品、制药和化妆品领域。
