ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services), Barcelona, Spain.
J Psychopharmacol. 2022 Aug;36(8):905-919. doi: 10.1177/02698811221104054. Epub 2022 Jun 13.
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a potent psychedelic naturally produced by many plants and animals, including humans. Whether or not DMT is significant to mammalian physiology, especially within the central nervous system, is a debate that started in the early 1960s and continues to this day. This review integrates historical and recent literature to clarify this issue, giving special attention to the most controversial subjects of DMT's biosynthesis, its storage in synaptic vesicles and the activation receptors like sigma-1. Less discussed topics, like DMT's metabolic regulation or the biased activation of serotonin receptors, are highlighted. We conclude that most of the arguments dismissing endogenous DMT's relevance are based on obsolete data or misleading assumptions. Data strongly suggest that DMT can be relevant as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, hormone and immunomodulator, as well as being important to pregnancy and development. Key experiments are addressed to definitely prove what specific roles DMT plays in mammalian physiology.
N,N-二甲基色胺（DMT）是一种强效迷幻剂，天然存在于许多植物和动物中，包括人类。DMT 是否对哺乳动物的生理机能具有重要意义，特别是在中枢神经系统中，这是一个自 20 世纪 60 年代初就开始的争论，至今仍在继续。本文综述了历史和近期文献，以阐明这一问题，特别关注 DMT 生物合成、在突触小泡中的储存以及 sigma-1 等激活受体的最具争议的主题。较少讨论的主题，如 DMT 的代谢调节或 5-羟色胺受体的偏激活，也得到了强调。我们的结论是，大多数否定内源性 DMT 相关性的论点都是基于过时的数据或误导性的假设。有强有力的证据表明，DMT 可以作为神经递质、神经调质、激素和免疫调节剂发挥作用，对妊娠和发育也很重要。关键实验旨在明确证明 DMT 在哺乳动物生理学中扮演的具体角色。
