Dick White Referrals, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Rowe Referrals, Bradley Stoke, UK.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2022 Nov;25(6):454-467. doi: 10.1111/vop.13003. Epub 2022 Jun 13.
In humans, idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) is a diagnosis attributed to benign, inflammatory orbital conditions without identifiable local or systemic cause. We describe the clinical signs, imaging and histopathological findings, management and outcome of four dogs diagnosed with IOI.
Multicentric retrospective study.
A total of four dogs (five orbits) of three different breeds (three cases were English Springer Spaniels [ESS] or ESS-cross) and ages ranging from 3 to 12 years were included. Initial presenting signs were unilateral and included exophthalmos, enophthalmos, globe deviation, thickening and protrusion of the third eyelid and conjunctival hyperemia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging identified heterogeneous space-occupying, contrast-enhancing orbital lesions in all cases. Sparing of the retrobulbar space was detected in four of five orbits. Histopathology revealed mixed inflammatory infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes. Immunohistochemistry was performed in two cases highlighting the presence of histiocytes and lymphocytes, predominantly T cells. Resolution of clinical signs was achieved in two cases managed with oral immunosuppressant medication (corticosteroids alone or combined with cyclosporine or azathioprine), one went into spontaneous remission, one resolved with topical corticosteroids, and one underwent exenteration. Recurrence occurred in two cases within 15 months of initial diagnosis and required further immunosuppressant medication. One case developed signs in the contralateral orbit within 8 months of presentation.
IOI is an uncommon condition in dogs. Its diagnosis relies on the combination of advanced imaging and histology. As in humans, it appears that spontaneous remission and recurrence may occur requiring long-term immunosuppressant medication.
在人类中，特发性眼眶炎症（IOI）是一种归因于无明显局部或全身原因的良性、炎症性眼眶疾病的诊断。我们描述了 4 只被诊断患有 IOI 的狗的临床症状、影像学和组织病理学表现、治疗方法和结果。
多中心回顾性研究。
共纳入 4 只狗（5 只眼眶），3 个不同品种（3 例为英国史宾格犬[ESS]或 ESS 杂交犬），年龄 3 至 12 岁。最初的表现症状为单侧，包括眼球突出、眼球内陷、眼球偏斜、第三眼睑增厚和突出以及结膜充血。所有病例的计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像均显示出不均匀的占位性、增强对比的眼眶病变。5 只眼眶中有 4 只发现眶后间隙未受累。组织病理学显示淋巴细胞、浆细胞和组织细胞的混合性炎症浸润。2 例进行了免疫组织化学检查，突出显示存在组织细胞和淋巴细胞，主要为 T 细胞。2 例经口服免疫抑制剂（单独使用皮质类固醇或联合使用环孢素或硫唑嘌呤）治疗后临床症状得到缓解，1 例自行缓解，1 例使用局部皮质类固醇治疗后缓解，1 例进行了眼眶内容物剜除术。2 例在初始诊断后 15 个月内复发，需要进一步使用免疫抑制剂。1 例在发病后 8 个月出现对侧眼眶症状。
IOI 在狗中是一种罕见的疾病。其诊断依赖于先进的影像学和组织学检查。与人类一样，它似乎可以自发缓解和复发，需要长期使用免疫抑制剂。
