Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Microb Drug Resist. 2022 Jun;28(6):710-733. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0384.
Poultry is a cheap source of animal protein and constituent of diets in Africa. Poultry can serve as a reservoir for and cause food-borne infections in humans. This review describes contamination of food, poultry, and the farming environment, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and serotypes of , as well as the farming systems, antimicrobial use (AMU), hygiene, and husbandry conditions used to rear poultry in Africa. Using the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) guidelines, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases were searched using a set of predefined keywords. Full-length research articles in English were examined for the period 2010-2020 and relevant information extracted for the narrative synthesis. Of the articles that met the inclusion criteria, 63.1% were conducted on farms and among households, while 36.9% were undertaken at government-controlled laboratories, which quarantine imported birds, processing plants, and retail outlets. The farming systems were intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive. AMU was described in 11.5% of the studies and varied within and across countries. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were detected in 30 studies and the prevalence ranged from 12.1% in Zimbabwe to 100% in Egypt, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa. A total of 226 different serotypes were reported. Twenty-four (19.7%) of the studies reported food-borne contamination in eggs, poultry, and poultry products at retail outlets and processing plants. The apparent extensive use of antimicrobials and circulation of MDR isolates of various serotypes in Africa is a concern. It is important to implement stricter biosecurity measures on farms, regulate the use of antimicrobials and implement surveillance systems, in addition to food safety measures to monitor the quality of poultry and poultry products for human consumption.
家禽是一种廉价的动物蛋白质来源，也是非洲饮食的组成部分。家禽可以作为和引起食源性感染的储主。本综述描述了非洲食品、家禽和养殖环境的污染情况，以及的抗生素耐药谱和血清型，以及家禽养殖的养殖系统、抗生素使用（AMU）、卫生和饲养条件。使用 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）指南，使用一组预定义的关键字在 PubMed、Science Direct 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行搜索。对 2010 年至 2020 年期间发表的英语全文研究文章进行了检查，并对叙述性综合分析提取了相关信息。符合纳入标准的文章中，63.1%是在农场和家庭中进行的，而 36.9%是在政府控制的实验室进行的，这些实验室隔离进口鸟类、加工厂和零售店。养殖系统包括密集型、半密集型和粗放型。在 11.5%的研究中描述了抗生素使用情况，并且在国家内部和国家之间存在差异。在 30 项研究中检测到多药耐药（MDR）分离株，流行率从津巴布韦的 12.1%到埃及、埃塞俄比亚、尼日利亚、塞内加尔和南非的 100%不等。共报告了 226 种不同的血清型。24 项（19.7%）研究报告了零售点和加工厂的鸡蛋、家禽和家禽产品中的食源性污染情况。显然，非洲广泛使用抗生素和各种血清型的 MDR 分离株的传播令人担忧。重要的是要在农场实施更严格的生物安全措施，规范抗生素的使用并实施监测系统，除了食品安全措施外，还要监测供人类食用的家禽和家禽产品的质量。
