Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
BMC Psychol. 2022 Jun 13;10(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00831-7.
Many people suffered from emotional distress especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to alleviate emotional distress, more accessible psychological intervention programs, such as online intervention programs, are needed. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and the potential mechanism of a 4-week, online, self-help mindfulness-based intervention to manage emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic between February 3 and May 20, 2020.
A total of 302 individuals with high emotional distress completed a self-help mindfulness course, which lasted 30-60 min per day for 28 consecutive days. Participants who registered in the program later were included in the analyses as the control group (n = 315). Levels of mindfulness, perceived stress, emotional distress, anxiety and depression were assessed at baseline(T1), week 1(T2), week 2(T3), week 3(T4) and week 4(T5).
Significant Group by Time interaction effects were found on mindfulness, perceived stress, emotional distress, anxiety and depression (p < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the intervention group had a greater increase in changes of all outcome variables (p < 0.001). Random intercept cross-lagged analyses showed that compared with control group, mindfulness at T2 and T4 negatively predicted stress at T3 and T5, and mindfulness at T2 and T4 negatively predicted depression at T3 and T5 while depression at T3 predicted mindfulness at T4 in the mindfulness group.
The results suggest that a 4-week self-help online mindfulness intervention improved mindfulness and reduced stress, emotional distress, anxiety and depression symptoms. Compared to the control group, changes in mindfulness preceded changes in stress, and mindfulness and depression reciprocally influenced each other during the intervention. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000034539. Registered 9 July 2020-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=55721&htm=4 .
许多人在 COVID-19 大流行期间遭受情绪困扰。为了减轻情绪困扰，需要更多易于获得的心理干预方案，例如在线干预方案。本研究旨在 2020 年 2 月 3 日至 5 月 20 日期间，调查一项为期 4 周的、在线的、自助式正念干预方案对 COVID-19 大流行期间情绪困扰的疗效及其潜在机制。
共有 302 名情绪困扰较高的个体完成了为期 28 天、每天 30-60 分钟的自助式正念课程。注册时间较晚的参与者被纳入对照组（n=315）。参与者在基线（T1）、第 1 周（T2）、第 2 周（T3）、第 3 周（T4）和第 4 周（T5）时评估正念、感知压力、情绪困扰、焦虑和抑郁的水平。
正念、感知压力、情绪困扰、焦虑和抑郁水平均显示出显著的组间时间交互效应（p<0.001）。与对照组相比，干预组所有结局变量的变化均显著更大（p<0.001）。随机截距交叉滞后分析显示，与对照组相比，正念在 T2 和 T4 时可负向预测压力在 T3 和 T5 时的水平，正念在 T2 和 T4 时可负向预测抑郁在 T3 和 T5 时的水平，而抑郁在 T3 时可预测正念在 T4 时的水平。
结果表明，4 周的自助式在线正念干预可提高正念水平，并减轻压力、情绪困扰、焦虑和抑郁症状。与对照组相比，正念的变化先于压力的变化，在干预过程中，正念和抑郁相互影响。
中国临床试验注册中心：ChiCTR2000034539。注册于 2020 年 7 月 9 日-回顾性注册，http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=55721&htm=4。
